Sogou.com shared the experience of pig farm management with the majority of farms (households).
1. Among all adopted management technologies, the strategy that can increase profit in the first place is the combination of early weaning and all-in and all-out systems.
2. The most critical aspects of early weaning techniques are: 1 Adopting scientific sow health methods, such as increasing the birth weight of piglets and increasing the quality and quantity of sow's lactation; 2 Feeding piglets early, from birth to 6 kg body weight Requires at least 1 kilogram of feed; 3 scientific piglet weaning method, to reduce weaning stress, diarrhea and fall out of milk.
3. Once the piglet stays in the nursery for 1-2 weeks and begins to actively feed, the nighttime temperature can be lowered to stimulate feed intake and growth.
4. When the new sow is mated in the second season and the aphrodisiac is fed two weeks before the breeding, the litter size per litter can be significantly increased.
5. The timing of breeding time depends on the frequency of estrus identification for the sow. If the estrus identification is performed only once a day, the sow should be bred when the standing reflexes have just been seen and within 12 hours thereafter: If the estrus identification Two times a day, the first breeding should be done 12 hours after standing reflexes are observed. The second breeding and the first time should be separated by 12 hours. It is best not to breed more than two times. Breeding in late estrus can result in increased embryonic death resulting in fewer litter size. If the secondary mating time is well understood, there is no point in increasing the number of matings.
6. Feeding standard during pregnancy: 0-3 days, 1.5 kg: 4-7 days, 1.8-2 kg: 7-37 days, 2.2-2.7 kg: 37-100 days, 2-2.2 kg: 100-112 days 2.7-3.6 kg: 112-parts, 1.8-2 kg.
7. It is recommended to increase energy intake by increasing feed intake during lactation rather than adding high levels of fat to the lactation diet.
8. Vaccines should be used for pigs that have not been subjected to any stress. Because each vaccine can cause some reactions in the sow, it is not advisable to inject the vaccine 2 weeks before or after the mating or about the last week of the second trimester. Two weeks after vaccination, breeding can be performed.
9. In the first 2-3 weeks after the delivery, the vaccine for protecting the sow can be injected. But not too early, prematurely interfere with lactation, too late, too late will affect the next ovulation.
10. At the same time, two vaccines can be injected at different sites. When two or more vaccines are injected at the same time, the sow's immune response, ie the antibody level in the sow's blood, will be very low, so it is better to separate injections.
11. Young sows should not be bred before 7.5 months of age. When mating, the body weight should reach 120-130 kg, and the first litter should be about 1 year old.
12. It is very important for young sows to use boars to examine the situation. From the age of 6 months, contact with the boar for half an hour every day.
13, sows ovulation lasts about 6 hours, sperm can survive 20-24 hours. In practice, spermatozoa can reach insemination within 20-26 hours.
14. Factors affecting litter size: 1 Genetics and breeding, 2 Suitable boar use, 3 Quality and quantity of feed, 4 Age structure of sows, 5 Disease control, 6 breeding techniques, 7 Sow health technology .
15. Factors affecting the number of nests per year: 1 Sow renewal rate, 2 breeding techniques, 3 sow health care technology (whether it is in time for estrus, childbirth rate), 4 weaning piglet age and health care technology.
16. Factors influencing the survival rate of piglets: 1 Hygiene and nursing, 2 All-in and all-out systems, 3 Birth weight, 4 production house temperature and intra-column microclimate, 5 disease, and quality and quantity of 6 milk.
17. Young sows should be free to eat before the age of 4 months, and afterwards, they should limit foods properly, otherwise they will lead to excessive fat and increased elimination rate due to limb and leg disease. From the age of 6 months to the mating time of the young sow, the addition of No. 1 in the feed can promote the estrus of the sow and increase the farrowing rate.
18, 3-3.5 kg of good feed can stimulate ovulation about 2 weeks before mating. Feeding should be reduced immediately after mating to reduce embryo mortality.
19. Poor body condition or insufficient supply of special nutrients can lead to: 1 delayed estrus, 2 high return rate, 3 increased incidence of cold abortion, 4 litter litter size reduction, 5 poor lactation, 6 limb and foot disease and long-lasting wounds Hard to recover. 20, pregnant sows raise the goal: 1 to reduce embryonic death, to ensure the correct implantation of the embryo, 2 to prevent miscarriage, 3 so that the piglet birth weight and survival rate is optimal, 4 improve the ability of lactation, 5 correction of sow body condition and growth .
21, prenatal diet should have laxative effect. Electrolyte balance is important for starting milk production. Feeding sows vitamin E or No. 1 can increase the survival and growth rate of piglets through lactation.
22, Lactating sows have low feed intake and will use body fat reserves, resulting in: 1 high milk fat content in milk, which in turn causes fat diarrhoea in piglets, 2 low milk production, slow weight gain in piglets, 3 sow weight loss, reproduction Reduced force, such as longer weaning to breeding intervals, less ovulation, high return rate.
23, low intake of lactating sows common causes: 1 high temperature in the delivery room [25 degrees above], 2 low water consumption, 3 sows too fat, 4 fed too much during pregnancy, showed low appetite during lactation.
24. Sows from the 1st to the 2nd fetus can feed freely during pregnancy and lactation, due to their low feed intake and growth.
25, sows do not feed on the day of weaning, or only in the morning to give 1 material, the next day aphrodisiac feed, 3.5-4 kg per day until mating. If estrus does not occur after 2 weeks, change to 2-2.5 kg per day until 3 weeks after weaning. Afterwards, special measures can be taken such as supplementing the life number 1, strengthening group sports, boar aphrodisiac, and using exogenous hormones.
26, do not make lean sows after eating too much and increase too fast, because it will lead to increased embryonic mortality, a small number of litter production. Lean sows should not be bred during heat in the first week after weaning and should miss this period of estrus so that they can eat for 3 weeks.
27, excessive feeding during pregnancy can have the following problems: 1 embryo death, 2 sows too fat, 3 piglets diarrhea, 4 no milk, metritis, mastitis, 5 dystocia or prolonged delivery, high piglet mortality during delivery .
28, feeding too low can produce the following problems: 1 weight loss, 2 anemia, 3 weaned sows are not normal estrus, 4 miscarriage, 5 have little birth, low birth weight.
29. Diarrhea in suckling piglets caused by E. coli occurs mostly in piglets born to 1-3 litters of young sows.
30. The drug of choice for the prevention and treatment of swine dysentery and proliferative enteritis: diarrhea net, dinitronitroimidazole, tiamulin, lincomycin, etc. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage with symptoms of flatulence, using formaldehyde to feed, add appropriate crude fiber feed.
31, Streptococcus disease: In order to solve the impact of antibiotics, you can increase the vaccine dose. According to the disease, the onset time of the piglets in the lactation stage has been advanced. It is recommended to use the vaccine in advance. The drug of choice for prevention and treatment: amoxicillin, sulfadiazine, penicillin, etc. Sulfa drugs are prone to poisoning piglets and are not easy to use for long periods or have excessive doses.
32. The use of amikacin in a large number of unnamed high fever or respiratory diseases is effective.
33. The serum produced by the farmer can be used for both prevention and PRRS for certain diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease, PRRS, etc. The serum of the dead sows should be stored for future use.
34. Prevention of foot-and-mouth disease, rodent control is very important. In the prevalence of foot-and-mouth disease, the virus rate of mice is high, which is one of the main transmission routes. Laboratory detection of mice can also predict the prevalence of foot-and-mouth disease in pig farms.
35. Reasonable sow group gestational age structure: 1~2 fetus 30~35%, 3~6 fetus 60%, 7+ fetal 5~10%.
36. Methods of combining gilt and boar barriers at 6 months of age, regular exercise, adjusting the bar and changing stalls (preferably once a week), using short-term feeding, and combining aphrodisiac and feeding. At the time of injection of pregnant horse serum and chorionic hormones.
37. The gilt sows, sows after weaning and gilts 2 to 3 weeks before mating are fed with high nutrient levels for a short period of time, which can promote ovulation in estrus, restore sows’ sows, and reserve nutrients for breeding embryos after breeding. . Can be added to the feed No. 1, and increase the proportion of soybean meal and daily feed.
38. In case of stress during vaccine injection, immediate rescue should be performed, such as injection of epinephrine, dexamethasone, procaine penicillin + compound antipyrine and other drugs desensitization. When the vaccine is injected, immunostimulants such as Promo 1, or Altman series can be used to enhance the immune effect.
39 In general, sow fertility is assessed using the number of weaned piglets per sow per year; age is another important indicator of sow fertility and economic efficiency.
40. In order to maintain a stable and reasonable sow group's age structure on the farm, it is necessary to phase out and update the reserve pigs in a balanced manner.
41. The last resort to adopt comprehensive measures for boring sows is the rational use of exogenous hormones. Currently widely used: PG600, Lutavin, cloprostinol, chorionic gonadotropin, ovulating hormone, pregnancy Horse serum gonadotropins, etc., do not advocate the use of diethylstilbestrol.
42. The later the occurrence of estrus after sow weaning, the shorter the duration of estrus, and the shorter the interval between the onset of estrus and ovulation. Therefore, sows with early estrus after weaning should be allocated late, and those with late estrus should be allocated early.
In the absence of certain hormones in sows, appropriate supply of exogenous hormones can reduce embryonic mortality. However, if the sow is not deficient in certain hormones, providing exogenous hormones reduces the embryo survival rate.
44. Because pregnant sows are insensitive to a certain amount of estrogen, and empty sows can induce oestrus under the action of estrogen, it is possible to use estrogen-induced estrous methods for pregnancy diagnosis. During operation, 1 mg of diethylstilbestrol was injected 17 days after sow mating. If the sow had no estrus performance within 3-5 days, it was considered to have been pregnant, otherwise it was empty.
45. The maximum ammonia concentration in the pig house should not exceed 7.5 mg. Otherwise, the health of the breeder will be affected. The concentration of ammonia gas exceeding 10 mg?L will affect pigs.
46. ​​Boaring with high sexual desire boars is more effective than boars with low sexual desire. Efficacy of bringing sows to boars is better than bringing boars to sows (also suitable for estrus identification) . The gilts should be given the opportunity to be in the same column with the boar twice a day, but the gilts are forbidden from contacting the gilts before the estrus identification.
47. When developing a gilt mating plan, it is ideal to arrange 8 months of age for upper sows to be open. The minimum requirement is that the upper limit should not be less than 7, 5 months, and the lower limit should not be higher than 9 months. Tests have shown that: the best initial mating gilts range from 230 to 270 days of age.
48. A statistical analysis was conducted on the production performance of a company's 70,000-scale pig farm for more than a year. The results showed that the above-mentioned two performances of the grown-up (or large-length) two-way hybrid sows were the most ideal. One-child birth is the worst, according to the order of production grades are five, four, three, six, seven, two, eight and more, one. It is reasonable to use up to 7 children for grown-up (or large-length) sow hybrid sows. If the number of sows per year reaches 2, 3, the sow’s useful life span should be 3 years, requiring the sows to be eliminated annually (updated). The rate was 33%, so the reasonable gestational age structure of the sow herd was calculated as: about 30% of 1-2 fetuses, more than 60% of fetuses of 3-7, and less than 70% of fetuses. More than 7 tires are sows with outstanding results. In production practice, we must try to increase the proportion of 3-7 births, reduce the proportion of 7 or more births, and control the proportion of 1-7 births in the breeding process. Only in this way can the reasonable sow population be maintained. The gestational age structure can maintain the best production performance.
49. Weaned piglets take oral (drinking) rehydration salts to reduce diarrhea, increase appetite, increase weight gain, and improve feed efficiency.
50. In general, when the sow in front of the sow can squeeze out a small amount of concentrated milk juice, it may deliver about 24 hours or so. The middle nipple can squeeze out a small amount of concentrated milk and may give birth after about 12 hours. After the nipple can squeeze out a small amount of thick milk, 3 - It may be possible to give birth in about 6 hours. When a nipple can squeeze out a lot of thick milk, it may be delivered soon.
51. Childbirth control techniques (contemporaneous delivery techniques): Cloprostenol intramuscularly, 0.1-0.5 mg per head, 2-3 days before the expected date of delivery, scheduled for 9:00 am to 4:00 pm during the day, after treatment, an average of 19 - 31 hours of childbirth, the same period and the daytime delivery rate of about 88%.
52. Large-scale gilts with normal growth and development can be regarded as puberty retardation if no estrus persists after 7 months of age. The reasons are: a) Ovarian hypoplasia, b) Chronic digestive and respiratory diseases, c) Parasitic diseases, etc., d) Insufficient stimulation of the opposite sex (6 months of age start with sexual boar stimulation of different boars, can make the puberty period ahead of time, e) improper feeding and management, such as high or low nutritional levels, lack of vitamin E , Biotin, and high stocking density, etc. f) The estrus was not obvious but was not found. Countermeasures: Strengthen feeding and management, nutrition regulation, such as adding 1% of life, hormone induction.
53. In general, sows can be estrus and breed 3-7 days after weaning, with a slight delay in the high-temperature and high-humidity seasons. However, if estrus is not available on the 10th day, improvement of feeding and management should be considered until 15 days. If estrus is not yet available, it should be regarded as overheated or not estrus. The reasons: age, management, herd density, nutrition, temperature and light, and exercise. Countermeasures: Strengthen feeding and management, nutrition regulation, hormone induction. Health prevention methods: In high-yield sows with litter size higher than 10, adding 1.5% of No. 1 in lactating sow diet can not only improve the quality and quantity of lactation, but also promote sows after weaning. Ejaculation, ovulation, and pregnancy within a week.
54. Feed costs for pigs generally account for 70-75% of the total cost of raising pigs. Therefore, economical and scientific feed formulation and feed volume standards are crucial; on the other hand, pig feed costs account for the total cost of raising pigs. The higher the ratio, the lower the other expenditures and the better the benefits.
55. The cost of epidemic prevention and disinfection should account for the proportion of all prevention and control costs. If the treatment cost is relatively large, it indicates that there is a problem in the management of the site.
56. It is more accurate to distinguish the size of the farm from the number of sows in the actual population; if the number of mature sows in one farm is calculated accurately, the number of sows should be calculated on the rearing day; and the production index of a farm, such as an annual output, should be evaluated. The number of fetuses and the number of births per litter should all be based on the number of adult sows on hand.
57. The division method for gilrant sows and adult (basic) sows on commercial pig farms is that gilrant sows are converted to adult sows on the first day of allocation.
58. Sows who are pregnant for more than 110 days must not report a miscarriage or have a miscarriage. They can only report their birth.
59, piglets within a week of age is best not to use nettle-type drugs, more than one week old piglets use nettle-type drugs are not allowed to overdosage, or easy to cause poisoning.
60. Stigmatic pigs are stunted, slow-growing or stagnant pigs due to certain factors. The preventive measures include: strengthening the feeding and management of pregnant and lactating sows; doing manual fixing of the nipples; feeding and feeding in time; doing prevention and treatment of pig diseases; doing well within 15 days of weaning and adding 1 to 2 to the feed % of Acupuncture Kang No. 1, while deworming and stomach. Auxiliary treatment measures: Use Aipangkang No. 2, add 1%, and feed for 20 days.
61. Don't mix or move sows 3-28 days after pregnancy. If sows must be changed or mixed after mating, then they should be done within 72 hours or 28 days after mating, otherwise, stress will cause the rate of delivery. Decreased, litter size decreased.
62. Sows during lactation and post-weaning malnutrition will significantly reduce the subsequent birth rate and litter size; high temperature (greater than 30 degrees) at the time of mating and early pregnancy will significantly reduce the subsequent rate of delivery; sow weaning The rate of ovulation after 1 day, 2 days, 7 days, and 7 days is usually lower; the lower parity rate of sows is lower; the subsequent delivery rate of less than 12 days of lactation is usually lower.
63. Regardless of the use of artificial insemination or natural mating, there is no difference in delivery rate.
64, What are the benefits of artificial insemination? Sow breeding is artificial insemination, and it works well. The advantages include: Solving the contradiction between male and female sows' physical size disparity and breeding difficulties; raising fewer boars, saving the cost of raising boars, and lowering production costs. A boar with 20 sows and artificial insemination Eighty to one hundred sows can be allocated to pigs; the spread of diseases is reduced, and artificial insemination can be used to disinfect the pigs. It is difficult to make the original inbreeding; the utilization of breeder boars can be greatly improved, and the pig breeds can be improved; the sows can be inseminated from a distance, Reduce the sow’s physical exertion; increase the efficiency of fertility, artificial insemination can be done three times in 24 hours, and can only be paid once. Currently, some pig farms with high level of artificial insemination technology have their litter size compared to their own. More.
65. Any secondary breeding should be separated by more than 8 hours. Sows that do not perform well for the second mating and still show estrus should undergo third breeding. Do not inseminate sows after ovulation.
66. The average number of parity in the farms where sows are in place is 2.2 to 2.6. More than 45% of the sows are in the 3-6th.
67. New sows mated with hormones such as prostaglandin PG600 that induce estrus may have 0, 3-0, 5 fewer litters than non-inducing estrus. New sows whose first litter size has a higher number of litters will have more litters per litter, but at the same time, if they do not do a good job of health care, it is easy to cause grief or infertility. It is recommended that high-yielding sows should have 1 to 2% of their lives.
68. The estrus period of the new sows is shorter than that of the sows (50-60 hours); the estrus period of the new sows kept in the individual limit column is shorter.
69. Estrus mostly begins in the evening. All sows that detect estrus in the morning should think that it has been 10 hours since the beginning of estrus.
70. Sows that are estrus on the 7th day or more after weaning, if waiting until the next estrus breeding, the litter size will be more; if you want to breed in the first season, then you should detect the estrus Breeding immediately.
71. PRRS immunization procedures: 50kg gilts use attenuated vaccines; production sows use killed vaccines 6 days after childbirth and 60 days after childbirth. Boars are immunized once every quarter with inactivated vaccines.
72, Mycoplasma immunization program: If mycoplasma pneumonia is after onset or after the onset of the disease, the first immunization should be at 1 week of age, and the second exemption should be at 4 weeks of age; if it is at the age of 13-15 weeks, the first exemption should be at 4 For weeks of age, the second exemption should be at 7 weeks of age; if it is at the late stage of fattening, the first exemption should be at 7 weeks of age and the second exemption should be at 10 weeks of age. Principle: The sow herd has a high infection rate or has been immunized. The immunization time is pushed back; the sow is not immunized or negative, and the immunization time is shifted forward.
73. The pig farm mainly uses Zhiyuanjing and chlortetracycline in the following 4 stages to cut off the route of transmission of mycoplasma and other bacterial pathogens: reserve pigs; suckling pigs; weaned piglets; fattening 13-15 weeks, 18-22 weeks .
74. Zhiyuanjing combination drug plan: Zhiyuan net 100ppm + chlortetracycline 300ppm + amoxicillin 150ppm
75. Feeding pigs by sex: grouping by sex when weaning or during the transition. If we do not increase feeds, we can postpone the feeding of pigs by 20 days. Because sows need higher levels of Amino Acids compared to barrows.
76. Feeding of weaned piglets: Before entering pigs, the empty columns should be thoroughly washed and sterilized. Transferring in and out of the batches of pigs once a week, the batches of pigs in the pens are clear and strong and weak. Just go to the pig bar and check the waterer. The first two days of attention limit materials to prevent indigestion caused by diarrhea. Afterwards, it is free to eat, add less, add 3-4 times a day. It is recommended to add 2% of Apothecary 1 to the diet within 15 days from the start of weaning to reduce diarrhoea and loss of breast milk.
77. Feeding of weaned piglets II: Adjust the pigs in a timely manner. Strength and weakness, size grouping, and maintaining a reasonable density. Ill pigs and pigs are isolated and reared in time. Note the prevention and treatment of streptococcal disease.
78. Feeding three weaned piglets: Maintaining the health of the pens, strengthening the training of the herds, training the pigs to eat, sleeping, and defecation. Pigs with pigs are not washed as far as possible (except hot season). Pay attention to the humidity in the house.
79. Feeding of weaned piglets: Observe the status of defecation of pigs during clean-up; Observe the appetite when feeding; Respiratory conditions at rest, find sick pigs, and symptomatic treatment. Severely ill pigs were raised in isolation and used as a single medication.
80. Feeding of weaned piglets: According to changes in seasonal temperatures, do a good job in ventilation, heatstroke cooling, and cold insulation. Pay attention to the concentration of harmful gases in the house.
81. Feeding of weaned piglets: When grouping and grouping, in order to reduce the stress caused by mutual biting, we should observe the principles of “weakness does not stay strong,†“remove more without dismantling,†and “do not mix at nightâ€. The spraying of liquids (such as Lozo) on the pigs in a circle can be done to remove the odor difference, and the rearing staff should observe more (this also applies to other pigs).
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