Spray technology can be divided into high capacity, medium capacity, low capacity and ultra low volume spray technology according to the amount of application liquid. The specific features are as follows:
1. High-volume spray technology: It is a commonly used low-concentration application method. The diameter of the droplet is relatively thick (150~300 microns), which is less affected by the wind; the amount of application liquid is large (more than 450 liters/ha), and the loss Severe; large water consumption, difficult to use in mountainous areas and water-deficient areas.
2. Medium-capacity spray technology: The amount of application liquid is between low capacity and high capacity. The leaf surface mist is dense, but it does not cause loss, which can ensure complete coverage.
3. Low-volume spray technology: The concentration of pesticide sprayed is tens to hundreds of times of constant spray, the amount of application liquid is 4.5 liters/ha, and the droplet diameter is small (100-150 microns), which increases the dosage of the medicament on the crop. The adhesion rate reduces the loss of pesticides.
4. Ultra-low volume spray technology: Disperse a small amount of liquid (stock solution or a small amount of water) into small droplets (50~100 microns) of uniform size, which can be obtained by wind blowing, drifting, penetrating and sedimenting onto plants. Optimal coverage density for control purposes. However, due to the small droplets, mist droplets are likely to drift.
Therefore, in the prevention and control of pests and diseases, we should vigorously promote and apply low-volume spray technology, as well as ultra-low-capacity spray technology with directional booster, and use medium-capacity spray technology to gradually replace large-capacity spray technology to improve pesticide utilization. Application effect.
Smoke application technology
The smog application technique is a general term for various application techniques for dispersing pesticides into smog. Smoke application technology is ideal for use in confined spaces, such as greenhouses, grain depots, and in relatively closed forests. According to the mode of action, the smoke application techniques can be divided into the following four types:
1. Smoked tobacco technology: It is a high-efficiency application method between the fine spray method and the dusting method and the fumigation method. The pests are controlled by the smoke generated by the smoked substances (smoke tablets, smoke tubes, etc.). .
2. Thermal smoke technology: It is a method of applying the exhaust gas heat discharged from the exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine to form a smoke particle. At present, the hot machine technology has broken through the limitation of using only special oil dosage forms, and can be applied to most chemical pesticide formulations except powder.
3. Normal temperature smoke technology: It is a pesticide using the pressure of compressed air to make the liquid form aerosol particles at normal temperature. The normal temperature smoke technology has almost no special requirements for pesticide formulations, and the penetration performance is good.
4. Electrothermal fumigation technology: It uses the principle of electric constant temperature heating to sublimate and vaporize pesticides to form extremely small particles, which are uniformly deposited in various parts of the target.
At present, it is mainly used in greenhouses, greenhouses, and large enclosed spaces, orchards, forests and other places.
Anti-floating spray application technology
The anti-floating spray application technology adopts a new atomization method and a method for changing the spray flow field, and utilizes a specific trajectory generated by the anti-floating device to uniformly deposit fine mist droplets which are easily lost in the flow field stress, thereby improving the pesticide droplets in the crop. Application technique for adhesion rate.
There are two main types of anti-floating spray technology:
1. Cover anti-floating spray technology: Among them, the pneumatic cover spray is to change the movement track of the droplet by the air flow generated by the external fan, such as air curtain, air curtain, air bag and the like; the mechanical cover spray is through the external cover Cover the device to change the trajectory of the droplet movement.
2. Anti-floating spray technology of diversion baffle: Install inclined baffle on the upper wind direction of the nozzle to change the flow field of the mist; meanwhile, the baffle can open the canopy during operation so that the droplet can be worn better. Through, reach the middle and lower parts of the target.
At present, anti-floating spray application technology is mainly used in the prevention and control of field crop pests and diseases.
Precision application technology
The precise application technology is based on the study of the differences in the related factors of pests and diseases in the field, and obtains spatial and temporal differences in the presence of pests and diseases in the farmland. The pesticide application technology and geographic information system, positioning system, sensors, computer controllers, The decision support system, the variable nozzle and other devices are effectively combined to realize the application method of the on-demand positioning spray only on the pest-damaged area, and the fixed-point and quantitative application is realized. Currently, there are two approaches, based on accurate pesticide use techniques for real-time sensing, such as automated target-spraying techniques; map-based precision pesticide use techniques.
The technology avoids the waste of pesticides and environmental pollution, and has a good application prospect.
Aviation application technology
Aeronautical application technology is a method of applying pesticide liquid, powder, granules, etc., evenly from the air to a target area by using an aircraft or other aircraft. At present, the aerospace application technology supporting equipment mainly includes manned fixed-wing applicator aircraft, plant protection parachute applicator, fixed delta wing applicator, and single-rotor, multi-rotor unmanned applicator. Aviation application technology has high operation efficiency, good operation effect and strong emergency response capability. It is suitable for the application of large-area single crops, orchards, grasslands and forests. It is especially suitable for crop growth and conventional ground plant protection machinery when it is difficult to enter the field. Pest control work.
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