Compound fertilizer is best used as a base fertilizer. When preparing the soil before sowing, it's important to apply compound fertilizer—containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium—at a specific depth. The ideal depth varies depending on the crop type. For grains and vegetables, the recommended depth is about 20 cm, while for fruit trees, it should be deeper, around 30–40 cm. Applying the fertilizer at the correct depth ensures that nutrients are available throughout the growing season.
Most of the phosphorus and a significant portion of potassium required by the crop are provided through basal application. However, nitrogen is more mobile and volatile, so only a portion should be applied as base fertilizer. At least half of the nitrogen needs to be supplied in the form of simple nitrogen fertilizer during the crop’s active growth phase. Therefore, when using compound fertilizer as a base, the nitrogen content should not be too high to avoid waste and nutrient imbalance.
The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in any compound fertilizer is fixed. When determining the amount of base fertilizer, it's typically based on the phosphorus or potassium content. Half of the nitrogen should be applied later as a top dressing to meet the crop’s increasing demand.
Compound fertilizers are generally not recommended for top dressing or water-soluble applications. Even if the phosphate is fully soluble, it doesn't move easily downward in the soil, making it less accessible to the root system. In some regions, like Guangdong, farmers often use imported 45% (15-15-15) compound fertilizer for leafy vegetables via irrigation. However, this method leads to low nutrient efficiency, resulting in wasted fertilizer and increased costs without proportional benefits. It’s advisable to improve application methods to enhance both efficiency and sustainability.
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