Soybean is a high-input crop that requires significant amounts of nutrients throughout its growth cycle. It needs to absorb large quantities of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from the soil, as well as essential micronutrients such as calcium, magnesium, boron, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc. A deficiency in any of these elements can lead to visible symptoms and ultimately reduce yield. Understanding the signs of nutrient deficiency and applying the right fertilizers at the right time is crucial for maximizing productivity.
First, nitrogen deficiency in soybeans often shows up as pale green or yellowing leaves, with slow growth and reduced vigor. Although soybeans form nodules with rhizobia that fix atmospheric nitrogen, they can only meet about 1/2 to 1/3 of their nitrogen needs. To correct this, apply 5–7.5 kg of urea per acre or spray a 1%–2% urea solution on the leaves every 7 days for 2–3 applications.
Second, phosphorus deficiency causes dark green upper leaves, while lower leaves show interveinal chlorosis, small and thin leaves, and delayed flowering. Apply 12.5–17.5 kg of calcium phosphate per acre, or spray a 2%–4% calcium superphosphate solution on the foliage every 7 days for 2–3 times.
Third, potassium deficiency appears as irregular yellow spots on the leaf edges, with the veins remaining green. The grains may become shriveled or deformed. Apply 4–6 kg of potassium chloride per acre, or spray a 0.1%–0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 7 days for 2–3 sprays.
Fourth, iron deficiency causes yellowing of young leaves, with green veins. Severe cases result in white leaves with brown spots near the edges. Spray a 0.4%–0.6% ferrous sulfate solution on the leaves to restore health.
Fifth, manganese deficiency leads to stunted growth and light green to white spots between the veins, but the veins remain green. Apply a 0.01%–0.02% manganese sulfate solution via foliar spray.
Sixth, zinc deficiency causes chlorosis starting from the veins and spreading across the leaf, with no visible green veins. Use a 0.1%–0.2% zinc sulfate solution for foliar application.
Seventh, boron deficiency affects reproductive growth, causing light green young leaves, leaf deformities, short internodes, and failure to flower. Spray a 0.1%–0.2% borax solution on the foliage.
Eighth, molybdenum deficiency results in pale yellow leaves, poor growth, and symptoms similar to nitrogen deficiency. Apply a 0.05%–0.1% ammonium molybdate solution for correction.
When performing foliar sprays, choose a dry day after 4 p.m. to avoid rain or wind, ensuring optimal absorption and effectiveness. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are key to maintaining healthy soybean crops and achieving high yields.
Spinal Fixation
Spinal fixation system consists of posterior spinal fixation system,minimally invasive spinal system,posterior cervical fixation system,anterior cervical plate system,laminar shapping plate system and interbody fusion cage system.
Cervical and lumbar segmental implants are the most common types of spinal internal fixation, which can be roughly divided into anterior and posterior internal fixation according to their fixed positions and surgical approaches.
The anterior cervical vertebra is mostly fixed with locking plates and fixed screws,what are mostly made of titanium alloy materials; The posterior approach was fixed using the pedicle screw and rod system.
In some cases of spinal vertebrae bone defect, it is also necessary to implant titanium cage or PEEK cages to promote bone fusion of adjacent vertebrae. The titanium mesh cage refers to a cage shaped container made of titanium alloy material, which is loaded with autologous or allogeneic bone and placed in the spinal vertebrae bone defect, which not only serves as a strength support but also plays a role in bone fusion.
spinal fracture,Pedicle Screws,Spinal Implant,Spine Implants
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