The hydraulic control valve is a type of pressure-regulating device that manages water flow by controlling the pressure within a system. It typically consists of a main valve, along with various components such as a pilot valve, needle valve, ball valve, and pressure gauge. Depending on its application, function, and installation location, it can be adapted into different forms, including remote-controlled float valves, pressure-reducing valves, slow-closing check valves, flow control valves, pressure relief valves, and hydraulic-electric control valves.
There are two main types of hydraulic control valves: diaphragm type and piston type. Although their structures differ slightly, their working principles are essentially the same. Both rely on the pressure difference (ΔP) between the downstream and upstream sides as the driving force. This pressure difference is regulated by the pilot valve, which controls the movement of the diaphragm or piston through hydraulic force. As a result, the main valve disc can either be fully open, fully closed, or in a partially adjusted position.
When the pressure water in the control chamber above the diaphragm or piston is released to the atmosphere or a low-pressure area downstream, the pressure below the main valve disc and under the diaphragm becomes greater than the pressure above. This causes the main valve disc to move upward and open fully. Conversely, if the pressure in the control chamber cannot be released, the pressure above the diaphragm becomes higher than the pressure below, forcing the main valve disc to close completely.
In cases where the pressure in the control chamber is between the inlet and outlet pressures, the main valve disc remains in an adjustable state. The exact position of this adjustment depends on the settings of the needle valve and the regulating valve within the conduit system. An adjustable pilot valve can open or close its small valve port based on the downstream pressure, which in turn affects the pressure in the control chamber. This allows for precise control over the position of the main valve disc, ensuring accurate flow regulation throughout the system.
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