Greenhouse vegetable cultivation requires precise and careful fertilization. Improper use of fertilizers can lead to soil compaction, which harms the vegetables and may cause nitrate and nitrite levels to exceed safe limits. These substances are harmful to human health, making it essential to apply chemical fertilizers carefully and follow scientific fertilization practices.
To ensure healthy growth and high-quality produce, it is recommended to use more organic fertilizer and less chemical fertilizer. Organic fertilizers provide a balanced supply of nutrients, improve soil structure, and offer long-term benefits. For greenhouse production, at least 3 cubic meters of organic fertilizer per mu should be applied to maintain soil fertility and support plant development.
While nitrogen fertilizers are necessary for plant growth, excessive use should be avoided. Instead, increasing the application of phosphorus and potassium can enhance the plant's resistance to stress and improve overall quality. These elements play a key role in various biochemical processes and activate over 60 enzymes within the plant. In addition, managing the ventilation system by opening windows more frequently can increase light intensity, which helps reduce nitrate accumulation in vegetables.
Certain chemical nitrogen fertilizers should be banned or limited. For example, nitrates like ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate should not be used, as they can increase nitrate levels in crops. Chlorinated fertilizers such as potassium chloride and ammonium chloride are also unsuitable, as they can lower starch content, reduce yield, and harm soil structure by causing hardening and decalcification. Similarly, magnesium sulfate and ammonium sulfate should be used sparingly due to the risk of sulfate buildup in the soil, while ammonium bicarbonate should be limited because of ammonia volatilization that may damage plants.
Soil testing and balanced fertilization are crucial for optimal results. Vegetable-specific compound fertilizers, developed based on the unique nutrient needs of different crops and soil conditions, provide a more complete and scientifically balanced nutrition. This approach enhances both yield and quality. Additionally, new fertilizers containing micronutrients like zinc, molybdenum, calcium, and magnesium should be promoted, as they significantly improve vegetable quality and support healthy plant growth.
Bio-fertilizers, especially bio-organic compound fertilizers, are highly recommended. These products combine organic matter, inorganic nutrients, beneficial bacteria, and synergists to create a well-rounded fertilizer that works together for maximum efficiency. They help improve soil health, increase fertility, and create an ideal environment for greenhouse vegetables.
Lastly, while plant growth regulators like gibberellin (920), ethephon, and paclobutrazol can enhance vegetable quality, their use should be minimized due to potential health risks. It’s important to prioritize natural and sustainable methods in greenhouse farming to ensure both environmental and human safety.
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