From July to August, it's a critical time for cotton plants as they enter the budding, flowering, and boll-setting stages. Proper management during this period is essential to ensure healthy growth and high yield. If not managed correctly, the cotton plants may grow too long, delay boll formation, and ultimately reduce both the quantity and quality of the harvest. To achieve a good cotton yield, the following practices should be carried out:
1. **Irrigation and Fertilization**: July marks the peak season for water and nutrient needs in cotton crops. Ensure consistent irrigation and apply 15 kg of urea per acre during watering. After August 10th, avoid irrigation except for areas with sandy soil that require extra moisture.
2. **Pruning**: Cotton thrives when properly pruned. At this stage, the plant is at its most vigorous, and side shoots (also known as "fry buds") below the first fruit branch should be removed by hand. This helps reduce nutrient competition, improves air circulation, and allows better light penetration, preventing the plant from becoming too tall and late-maturing.
3. **Chemical Control**: Effective chemical management is crucial to prevent excessive vegetative growth. Spraying "Cotton Zhuang Ti Ling" during irrigation can help shorten the fruiting zone, suppress axillary buds, control plant height, and promote early boll setting. This ensures balanced nutrient distribution and increases the number of bolls.
4. **Topping**: When the cotton plant develops 7-8 fruit branches, it's time to remove the top leaves. This practice, combined with foliar feeding, enhances leaf photosynthesis and delays premature aging, leading to healthier and more productive plants.
5. **Pest Management**: Common pests like the cotton bollworm and spider mites can severely affect crop health. A recommended treatment is to spray a fresh high-lipid membrane emulsion diluted in 230–250 liters of water every 7–14 days, repeating the process 2–3 times. Additionally, using black light or high-pressure mercury lamps can help trap adult pests. For spider mites, spraying 2% avermectin EC at 3000–4000 times dilution, 15% EC at 2000 times, or 10% Liu Yangmycin at 1000 times, focusing on the underside of leaves, is effective. (Source: China Plant Protection Network – Wei Linfei)
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