Feeding conditions
The breeding house must be light-transmissive and ventilated, and the size of the faecal mealworms can be determined depending on the number. Under normal circumstances, it can raise 300 to 500 plates per 20 square meters. The internal temperature of the breeding house must be kept between 10°C and 38°C in winter and summer. Below 10 °C affect the growth, keep room temperature below 38 °C in summer. Humidity should be kept between 60% and 70%. The ground should not be too humid. There is a thermometer and hygrometer in the room. A lime water tank is placed outside the breeding house to facilitate the disinfection of people entering and leaving the house.
The rearing plate is made of drawer-like wooden plates, which are generally rectangular in shape. They are 50 cm in length, 40 cm in width, 8 cm in height, 1.5 cm in thickness, and the bottom is made of fiberboard nails. The sieve tray is rectangular and placed in a wooden tray with a specification of 45,356 cm, a sheet thickness of 1.5 cm, and a 12-mesh iron screen at the bottom is nailed with a triple sheet strip. The wood used to make the feeder plate is preferably soft and has no odor. In order to prevent the insects from crawling outside, plastic tapes should be placed on the four frames of the feeding plate.
A wooden frame can be placed on the feeding tray according to the amount of feeding and the number of feeding trays. Use wood to connect the wooden frames and fix them so as to prevent skewing or dumping.
The sieve tray can be used as sieve trays with several different thickness and iron screens. 12-mesh large-hole sieves can screen eggs, 30-mesh sievers, and 60-mesh sieves can sieve 1 to 2 instar larvae.
Insect selection
It is advisable to purchase insect species cultivated by a professional breeding department or cultivated on their own, and replace the insect species every 2 to 3 generations. The introduction of larvae is the best choice. When choosing adult larvae as the worms, individuals should be selected to be large, strong in life, robust in shape, full and full of worms, golden in color, shiny in appearance, and clear in white part on the ventral surface, with a body length of 30 mm or more. The larvae crawl fast and respond well to the light. They like darkness, about 3500 to 4,000 per kilogram. If the bug is placed on the palm of your hand, its crawling is rapid, and the encounter with the leaves and melon peel will quickly climb up to feed.
Feed composition
The main feed is crop straw powder, wheat bran, supplemented with glutinous bran, etc. The main dishes are cabbage, radish, Ganlan and other leafy vegetables. These feeds can meet the needs of parasites for protein, vitamins, trace elements, and moisture. The feed used is fresh, the bran is not deteriorating, and the vegetables are not rotted. 3 ~ 5 kg of straw powder plus a small amount of wheat bran, cornmeal, plus a small amount of leaves can feed a pound of commercial insects. In order to purify the rejuvenation population and speed up the propagation, a small amount of glucose powder, fish meal, etc. can be added to the feed to meet the needs of the growth process of the commercial mealworm.
Disease prevention and control
As long as the sanitation of the worm room is maintained and the temperature and humidity are strictly controlled, Tenebrio do not generally cause disease. However, with the increase of breeding density, excessive humidity, faecal pollution, and feed deterioration will increase the prevalence of Tenebrio. If there is a disease or mildew phenomenon, pests and dead insects must be removed promptly to prevent infection. At the same time, 0.1% potassium permanganate solution or 0.3 mg/kg bleach solution should be sprayed on the breeding room for disinfection and sterilization.
Soft rot disease occurs mostly in the rainy season. After onset, the larvae are slow to move, appetite is decreased, feces are thin and clear, and eventually they become black and die. The morbidity is caused by damp indoor air, over-wet feeds, excessive stocking densities, excessive excrementation, and excessive force during transportation to cause parasites.
Prevention and control methods found soft parasites, dead insects should be promptly scooped out, remove residual food, stop feeding green material, adjust indoor humidity, and use 0.25 grams of chlorotoxin or chlortetracycline and wheat bran 0.25 kilograms to mix and feed.
Rhizoctonia caused by the disease from the tail, head dry to the body dry and die. The cause is that the air is too dry and the feed is too dry.
Prevention methods Air-dried seasons shall be timely fed with green vegetables, sprinkle water and steam on the ground, and set water basins to reduce temperature and increase humidity.
The larvae usually occur from July to September, when the temperature is too high, the feed temperature is high, and the larvae can easily cause damage.
Prevention and control methods to prevent feed with fleas, conditions can be wolfberry, bran steamed 20 minutes disinfection. It is necessary to maintain indoor air circulation and reduce humidity, especially when the humidity is too high in the summer rainy season, try not to throw or cast too much wet green material, and find that the locusts take the feed to the sun for 10 minutes in time to eliminate the worm.
Feeding management
larva
Feeding of larvae means feeding from hatching larvae to larvae, and feeding them in incubators and feeding trays. One incubator box can hold 1 to 3 eggs laid out from egg-laying trays but should be stacked in layers. Before the hatching, the eggs are screened. When the eggs are sifted, the feed and other debris in the box are first sieved, and then the egg jam is put into the incubator. The egg is covered with a layer of leaves, allowing the insects to live between bran and leaves, allowing them to eat freely. The larvae can be hatched within 10 days of incubation in the hatchery. The larvae may not add mixed feed before 3 days of age, but each day should properly feed some chopped cabbage leaves or melon peels.
When the raw feed is basically consumed, one 50 mesh screen is used to screen the insect feces, and the larvae are returned to the box for feeding. The feed or wheat bran that is 3 times the weight of the insect is fed, and the chopped meat is added. Vegetables and melons are fed once every 2 to 3 days, and 5 to 7 days are sieved with 50 mesh or 40 mesh insects. To about 6 years old, due to the increase in the size of the larval population, it should be divided into 2 feeding trays for rearing.
pupa
The old larvae in the feeding trays are looking for suitable places for larvae before and after pupa. In order to avoid the larvae being bitten by other larvae, in the early and middle stages of phlegm-removal, they should be licked 1 or 2 times a day and taken out in the emergence box. After all the phlegm, sieve out into the feathering box. Since factory-scale production requires that all insect development schedules are basically consistent, picking out cockroaches can be carried out in different feathering boxes sprinkled with 1 cm thick bran, depending on the age of the animals. It is appropriate to pave 1 to 2 layers, too thick will cause suffocation and death. Every day after defecation, it is necessary to check and remove any blackish, reddening and softened dead cockroaches at any time. It is also necessary to prevent the cockroach from being infected by virus during the process of detoxification. It was found that this condition was sprayed with 0.3 mg of bleach solution per kilogram for disinfection and sterilization. . Storks are adultated on the surface of feed (above 20°C) after 6 to 7 days.
Adult
The task of the adult is to lay a large number of eggs, and the ratio of male and female adults is 1:1. Before feeding the adult, first raise the plate or catch the egg tray under the bottom of the box, and then spread a piece of ovum paper on the plate, so that the eggs are produced on the egg-cutting paper. The inside of the box is covered with a layer of 1 cm thick feed so that the adult eggs can be laid on the paper without being produced in the feed. Spread a layer of fresh mulberry leaves or other leguminous plants on the feed, so that the adults are scattered and hidden under the leaves, and maintain a stable temperature. Then cover the cabbage according to the temperature and humidity requirements. If the temperature is high and the humidity is low, cover it more.
In the period of 2 months after adult emergence becomes adult spawning period, adults continue to eat and lay eggs. Therefore, attention should be paid to strengthening nutrition and management to increase spawning and prolong spawning period.
Adults have the habit of laying eggs downwards. When laying eggs, they stick out of the oviposition tube through the mesh of iron gauze, and produce eggs on paper or feed between paper and mesh. Each egg-bearing paper can produce 5,000 to 15,000 eggs, replacing the egg-receiving paper every 3 days, but the egg-replacement paper should be replaced once a day during the adult oviposition period or during the spawning season. The order is to change the egg paper first, then add feed. After the adults spawned, the females gradually died of senescence and their egg production decreased significantly. Therefore, they should all be eliminated after 3 months.
Species
High-quality Tenebrio hybrids are the key to improving the survival rate, hatching rate, emergence rate and fecundity, prolonging egg production, promoting high yields, shortening breeding cycle, and reducing feed consumption. This requires careful feeding and management from a young age, reducing the feeding density, increasing feed and melon and vegetables, and adding vitamins, trace elements, glucose powder, and royal jelly to purify and rejuvenate the population when necessary, and speeding up reproduction and growth, and thus raising a large body. Robust, fertile seed.
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