September 7 of this year is the solar season, which is both the beginning of the cool season and the largest solar temperature difference between the day and night of the year.
From the aspect of agricultural management, Bailu is both the season of crop maturation and harvest, and also the season when winter crops are ready for sowing. For the production of fruit trees in the north, the Bailu season is the ripening of many deciduous fruit trees—fruit picking period, such as early and middle ripe apples, pears, late-maturing grapes, and winter jujube. These fruit trees need to be plucked during the white dew season. From both theory and experience, it is shown that the autumn fertilization of fruit trees is better than that of spring fertilization. Early fertilization in autumn and winter seasons is better than late fertilization.
Taking the apple tree as an example, the timely application of picking fruit fertilizer after fruit picking is conducive to the continuous increase of production in the orchard in the following year. Since the roots of fruit trees are organs for nutrient absorption and storage, the nutrients needed for growth and development in the spring of the second year are mostly derived from root storage. It can be said that the level of root storage nutrients determines the quality of flower bud differentiation in the coming year and also determines the cold resistance of fruit trees. Sex and other traits. The roots of fruit trees that are generally in the ground do not have natural dormancy. As long as the conditions are appropriate, roots can occur and grow throughout the year, and in the fall of September, the peaks of root growth will occur successively in different fruit trees. If this year's fruits are high in yield and the load on the ground is too large, but if the fertilizer is not applied in time in autumn, root nutrition will not be able to keep up, and even if it does not grow, it will seriously affect wintering and spring rooting. Because the nutrients needed for root growth in early spring are mainly storage nutrition, if the missed fruit picking in the fall of the first year causes insufficient storage nutrition, it is bound to reduce spring rooting and germination.
Taking nitrogen fertilizer as an example, different nitrogen application periods have different effects on the growth and development of fruit trees. For apple, it is obvious that the effect of flowering fruit set in the second year is very obvious, although the amount of nitrogen applied is less than the amount of spring application. Because the defoliation received from the harvest is a nitrogen storage period, the level of nitrogen in this period plays an important role in the differentiation and high yield of high quality flower buds in the following year. Of course, in addition to nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are equally important. Sufficient phosphorus supply can enable fruit trees to complete the growth phase of shoots, promote flower bud differentiation and increase fruit setting rate as scheduled. Moreover, phosphorus can regulate nitrogen nutrition. In addition, if the fruit tree needs large amount of potassium, increasing potassium fertilizer can promote fruit enlargement and increase fruit size. weight.
In short, the benefits of basal fertilization in autumn are: First, the growth and absorption of the main root systems of fruit trees are relatively active. After the nitrogen fertilizer was absorbed by the roots, it became the nutrient source for flowering and leaf development the following year after the nitrogen fertilizer was absorbed by the roots. Second, the temperature difference between day and night in autumn was large, the proportion of scattered light increased, and the photosynthetic efficiency of the leaves was improved after fertilization; Third, if organic fertilizer is applied at this time, there will be more time for the root system to absorb and operate and store it in the tree. Fertilization in autumn is an important part of the orchard fertilization system, and it is also the basis for fertilization throughout the year.
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