The use of sex attractants for pest forecasting and control offers an effective solution to monitor non-phototactic pests and significantly reduce the reliance on chemical pesticides in agricultural production. Utilizing natural predators is another eco-friendly strategy that supports the production of pesticide-free fruits. From 2004 to 2006, we conducted research on the application and monitoring of two major apple pests—peach borer and gold moth—using sex pheromone lures. The results were promising. Here's a summary of our findings:
First, the placement method of the lure. We used a 20 cm diameter basin, with a thin wire slightly longer than the basin’s diameter placed across the center of the lure, securing it so that the bottom edge of the lure was level with the basin's surface to prevent rainwater from entering. The basin was filled with water, and a wick was soaked. Once set up, the trap was suspended among fruit trees. Hanging at about 1.5 meters above the ground made it easy to install, but wind could cause the basin to sway, leading to water loss and affecting the trapping efficiency. An alternative method involved placing the basin on a triangular support, which kept the water stable and protected against strong winds. After positioning, fresh water was added to the basin, along with 0.2% detergent. The water level should be 1 to 1.5 cm below the lure’s lower edge.
Second, the placement density of the lure depends on the purpose, orchard topography, and tree density. For forecasting, the standard method, as outlined in Shandong Provincial Standards DB37/T364-2003 and DB37/T363-2003, involves using a diagonal five-point sampling technique, placing 5 traps every 50 meters. For pest control, the density should be higher, typically one trap per 20–25 meters. In hilly or densely planted areas, traps should be closer together, while in flat or sparsely planted orchards, spacing can be increased accordingly.
Third, the timing of lure placement varies based on the objective. For forecasting, traps should be set before the overwintering period of the target pest. In Laizhou, Shandong, the golden moth lure was placed starting March 21 and removed by late October, while peach borer lures were active from May 21 to late September. For control purposes, the timing should align with the peak adult emergence of the target species. For example, the third and fourth generations of the golden moth are most active between early July and early September, accounting for around 80% of annual activity. Peach borers have two generations annually, with the main occurrence period in June, July, and August, making this the optimal time for lure deployment.
Fourth, regular maintenance and data collection are essential. Traps should be checked daily, insects removed, and water levels replenished. Recorded data should be classified and documented. Lures should be replaced periodically, ideally once a month.
Finally, several issues need attention during use. While lures help reduce pesticide use, they should not be relied on exclusively; combining them with chemical control is often necessary. For instance, when using peach borer lures, chemical sprays should be applied during peak moth activity. Forecasting with lures should also be complemented by field surveys to determine if and when pesticide applications are needed. Additionally, care must be taken to avoid trapping beneficial insects, such as bees. Since gold moth lures strongly attract bees, they should not be used during flowering periods. During these times, it's important to avoid placing lures in areas where pollinators are active.
Disposable Urinary Nursing
Excretion is an important part of metabolism, however, due to various reasons, many patients will not be able to auto- urinate normally and smoothly. So we need to help urinate manually. Catheterization is a very common practice of nursing operations after closely observed and documented.
Yingmed offers you a series of catheter-related care products. For example: Silicone catheter, Urine bag, Urinal,Bed Pan .
Through the urine and stool, doctors can judge patients` condition. Yingmed also provided Urinal cups and disposable tubes for storage , then the urine and stool could be delivered to lab to do analysis. In addition, the urine analyzer will help the experimenter to get a correct data .
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