Spring potatoes benefit from early-maturing cultivation techniques, allowing them to be marketed 10 to 20 days earlier than those grown in open fields. There are three primary methods: mulching with plastic film, using small arch sheds with double-layer coverage, and employing thick film with small sheds. The key technical practices include:
The selected varieties should be high-quality types such as Dongnong 303, Kexin No. 4, and Zhongshu No. 2. Native or severely degraded varieties should not be used. Each acre requires about 150 kg of seed potatoes, which are cut into pieces. Each piece should weigh between 20-25 grams and have 2-3 buds.
For fertilization, a base fertilizer is applied all at once before plowing. Use 50 kg of sulfur-containing compound fertilizer (with 15% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) per acre, avoiding any chlorine-based fertilizers. After soil preparation, well-rotted farmyard manure, such as pig, sheep, rabbit, chicken, duck manure, or human excrement, should be applied at over 1,500 kg per acre. Dig deeper and larger holes, first fill with human excrement, then add a layer of livestock manure, cover with soil to prevent direct contact with the seed potatoes and fertilizers, which could hinder germination. Any leftover fertilizer can be placed between the rows after covering the soil.
Sowing time varies depending on the covering method. For film-covered plots, planting can begin in late December. For thick film with small arch sheds, sowing starts in early January, while mulch film covering is typically done in late January.
After chemical weeding and sowing, it's important to close the soil before applying the film. Spray 50% acetochlor at a rate of 75–100 ml per acre mixed with water.
Ensure the film is tightly covered with soil around the edges to prevent air leaks. As soon as the seedlings emerge, break the stems and seal them with mud to help raise soil temperature. On sunny days, arch sheds must be ventilated to avoid overheating and potential damage to the plants.
At the flowering stage, apply uniconazole for chemical regulation to control plant growth effectively.
Disease management is crucial. The main disease affecting potatoes is late blight. Infected plants should be removed promptly, followed by spraying with 25% triadimefon diluted 800 times. Common pests include the 28-spotted ladybird and aphids. For the 28-spotted ladybird, use 80% dichlorvos diluted 800 times. For aphids, apply 10% imidacloprid diluted 2000 times.
These techniques ensure healthier plants, better yields, and a more efficient growing process, making spring potato cultivation both productive and sustainable.
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