Spring potatoes, when cultivated using early-maturing techniques, can be harvested 10 to 20 days earlier than those grown in traditional open fields. There are three primary methods: mulching with plastic film, using small arch sheds with double-layer covering, and applying thick film over small sheds. These techniques help improve soil temperature, accelerate germination, and protect plants from cold stress. Below are the key technical points for successful cultivation:
The selected varieties include high-quality options such as Dongnong 303, Kexin No. 4, and Zhongshu No. 2. Native or degraded varieties should not be used, as they may lead to lower yields and poor quality. Each acre requires approximately 150 kg of seed potatoes. Large tubers should be cut into pieces, with each piece weighing between 20-25 grams and containing 2-3 buds to ensure strong growth.
For fertilization, a base fertilizer is applied all at once before plowing. A total of 50 kg of sulfur-containing compound fertilizer (with 15% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) per acre is recommended. Chlorine-based fertilizers must be avoided due to their negative impact on plant development. After preparing the soil, well-decomposed farmyard manure—such as pig, sheep, rabbit, chicken, duck manure, or human excrement—should be applied in quantities exceeding 1,500 kg per acre. Holes should be deep and large, with human excrement placed first, followed by a layer of livestock manure. The area should then be covered with a thin layer of soil to prevent direct contact between the seeds and fertilizers, which could hinder germination. Remaining fertilizer can be applied between the rows after covering the soil.
Sowing time varies depending on the covering method. For film-covered systems, planting typically occurs in late December. For thick film and small arch shed cultivation, sowing begins in early January, while mulch sheet covering is usually done in late January.
After weeding and sowing, the soil should be closed before applying the plastic film. A solution of 50% acetochlor, mixed at a rate of 75–100 ml per acre, is sprayed to control weeds effectively.
Once the film is in place, it should be secured tightly with soil around the edges to prevent any gaps that might allow wind or moisture to enter. As soon as the seedlings emerge, the shoots should be broken and sealed with mud to help raise soil temperature. On sunny days, the arch sheds must be ventilated to avoid overheating and potential damage to the crops.
During the flowering stage, chemical regulation is essential. Uniconazole is applied to control excessive vegetative growth and promote better tuber formation.
For disease and pest management, late blight is the main concern. Infected plants should be removed immediately, and then a 25% tricyclazole solution diluted at 800 times is applied. Common pests include the 28-spot ladybird and aphids. The 28-spot ladybird can be controlled with an 80% dichlorvos solution diluted at 800 times, while aphids are treated with 10% imidacloprid diluted at 2000 times.
By following these detailed techniques, farmers can significantly improve the yield and quality of their spring potato crops, ensuring a more profitable and sustainable harvest.
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