Rice black-streaked dwarf disease has remained relatively mild in recent years, especially in the rice-wheat rotation areas, and hasn't received enough attention. However, due to the unusually warm winter last year, the survival rate of overwintering ash-gray grasses in wheat fields and weeds was high, leading to a significant buildup of insect populations. After a period of reproduction from mid-March to early May, the population surged, with more than 100,000 empty rice fields per mu. Recently, the disease strain has been detected in Waseda, indicating that the city now has an established source of the virus. With the harvest of wheat and the maturation of host plants like weeds, the ash-hopper adults are beginning to migrate into early rice fields, single-season late rice fields, and directly seeded paddies, spreading the virus in the process.
According to a survey by the Zhejiang Provincial Bureau of Plant Protection and Quarantine, the incidence of gray rice blast is generally high across the province, with some areas reaching or exceeding 12% of the pandemic index. This highlights the urgent need for local authorities to recognize the severity of the threat posed by rice black-streaked dwarf disease. Currently, the main focus of prevention and control efforts is on managing the ash-gray grasses in Putian and Honda.
To address this issue, several key measures have been recommended:
1. **Comprehensive seed soaking and dressing**: Combine this with general rice disease management by using 35% rice (likely referring to a specific pesticide), 80% Ruijinte, and 25% imidacloprid for seed treatment. These treatments help the seedlings absorb the chemicals internally, effectively controlling the early transmission of the L. falciparum virus.
2. **Intensive management of the first generation of ash-gray grasses and earthworm adults**: Select pesticides such as fipronil (1g of 80% fipronil) and 25% imidacloprid (for use in the first net). These have good residual effects. For faster action, chlorpyrifos (48% Xinyijia, 40% attack) can be used. Other options include isoprocarb, aldicarb, and dichlorvos, which can be mixed together. Apply these 2-3 days before transplanting to ensure the seedlings are protected when they are moved to the field.
3. **Early preventive treatment in Honda rice fields**: In direct-seeded paddy fields, apply treatments 7-10 days after sowing (Sui Miao Lu Qing). For transplanted rice, treat about 10 days after transplanting, combining it with the control of leaf rollers and stem borers. A second treatment is usually needed around 10 days later. After July, as temperatures rise, the number of ash-gray grasses and rice pests will decrease, reducing the need for specific control measures. In areas prone to rice black-streaked dwarf disease, it's important to use bacteriocin or other viral inactivators 1-2 times during treatment to enhance the plant’s resistance to the virus and lower the risk of infection.
It is also crucial to alternate between different pesticides to delay the development of resistance in the pests. Additionally, proper safety precautions should be taken when handling chemicals like chlorpyrifos and dichlorvos to protect both the environment and agricultural workers.
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