Balanced fertilization is based on fine soil testing, based on the law of crop demand fertilization, taking annual output as a reference, combined with field trials, puts forward target production, and determines the type, quantity, and ratio of fertilizer required to achieve the target output. In actual production, most of the compound fertilizers or special compound fertilizers produced by compound fertilizer manufacturers are used to achieve balanced fertilization.
At present, the main methods for determining the amount of fertilizer are nutrient balance method, nutrient abundance index method, and fertilizer effect function method. Each of these methods has advantages and disadvantages. In comparison, nutrient balance method is more practical. This method is based on soil nutrient testing. To determine the amount of fertilizer. Its calculation formula is:
Fertilizer amount (kg/mu) = (crop unit yield nutrient absorption target yield - soil measurement 0.16)/(fertilizer nutrient content fertilizer utilization)
Among them, 0.16 is the conversion coefficient, which means that the soil available nutrient is converted into the nutrient coefficient that can be provided by the plowing layer per acre; the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is 20-40%, the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer is 10-25%, potassium The fertilizer utilization rate is 30-50%.
For example, a wheat variety needs to absorb 2.7 kg of pure nitrogen (N), 0.9 kg of phosphorus (P2O5), and 2.7 kg of potassium (K2O) per 100 kg of grains. The measured effective nitrogen content of the block is 64 ppm (mg/kg). Available phosphorus 14ppm (mg/kg), effective potassium 60ppm (mg/kg), to achieve a yield of 500kg per mu, you need: Nitrogen (N) = 2.7500? 100-640.16 = 3.26 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) = 0.9500 100-140.16 = 2.26 kg, potassium (K2O) = 2.7500? 100-600.16 = 3.9 kg. If the fertilizer utilization rate N is calculated as 30%, P is calculated as 20%, and K is calculated as 40%, then it is necessary to use 10.8 kg of pure nitrogen, 11.3 kg of phosphorus, and 9.7 kg of potassium. If three-element compound fertilizer is applied, the amount of fertilizer should be determined according to the nutrient with the least demand, and then the additional deficiency of the other two kinds of nutrients can be additionally provided. If 45% of the general-purpose compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is applied, the plot needs to be applied with 9.71% of the compound fertilizer (64.7 kg), supplemented with nitrogen (urea) (10.8-64.715%) 46% = 2.4 kg. , Phosphate (superphosphate) (11.3-64.715%) 14% = 11.4 kg. (Yue Yuxi)
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