Red is also known as Red Earth and is a high-quality grape variety developed by the University of California. Introduced into China in 1987, successfully introduced cultivation in Liaoning, Shandong, Hebei, Xinjiang, and Shaanxi. Red grape late varieties, resistant to storage and transportation, high yield, hard and brittle flesh, sweet and sour, some varieties also have a special aroma, deeply loved by the majority of consumers in large and medium-sized cities. Many red-growing growers have obtained good returns from the cultivation of red rice. However, most of the farm households are managed according to conventional methods of grape fertilization management, resulting in a large gap between the quality of the products and imported red.
1. Fertilization for soil preparation: Similar to other grape varieties, Reddish also likes soil with good permeability, so the soil should be fertile, with deep sandy loam or loose soil, and the pH should be around 6.5-7.5, with good irrigation and drainage conditions. If the soil is too viscous or too sandy, it is necessary to consider increasing the amount of organic fertilizer applied to improve soil structure. Before the middle of the year, generally Mushi organic fertilizer 2000-3000 kg, plowing.
Second, basal fertilizer: basal organic fertilizer mainly, generally every 1-2 months combined with simple expansion deep hole deep, 60-80 cm deep, 30-40 cm wide, using alternate or alternating fertilization on both sides. The basal fertilizer is generally applied after the fruit is harvested and before the soil is frozen. The application amount of mu is about 1000-1500 kg. Appropriate early application is conducive to the decomposition of organic fertilizers and the healing of root wounds, restoring the tree vigor and improving the cold-resistance and drought resistance, and laying the foundation for the growth of the next-stage root growth and flower bud differentiation machine.
Third, top dressing: mainly available fertilizer, according to the size of the cooked 3 near the root end (5 years in the tree about 40 cm in the trunk) to open a depth of 50 cm, a width of 20 cm of the trench, the fertilizer mixed soil buried in the ditch In the middle of the fruit period, vines can be topdressed before, during, before, during fruit enlargement, during the coloring period and after harvesting. Before and after unearthing in the spring and before sprouting, the first topdressing, mainly nitrogen and potassium, together with a small amount of phosphate fertilizer, called precipitating fertilizer, has a good effect on promoting the germination of young shoots, continuing the differentiation of inflorescence and accelerating the growth of branches and leaves. About seven days or so, the second topdressing, mainly nitrogen and potassium, called flowering fertilizer, to ensure normal flowering, pollination, fertilization and inflorescence differentiation. In addition, 0.3% borax can be foliarly sprayed according to the situation during this period to increase the fruit setting rate. During the berry growth period, when the berries grow to the size of the soybeans, in order to promote fruit enlargement, enhance photosynthesis and promote shoot growth. , To increase yield and quality, the third topdressing can be carried out, mainly nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, that is, promote fruit fertilizer. After the fruit is colored, a certain amount of potassium fertilizer may be topdressed as needed to improve the color of the fruit and increase the product rate. From the time of post-harvest to the beginning of October, the first frost period is an important stage in the ripening of grape branches, restoration of tree vigor and accumulation of nutrients for the next year's growth. In order to supplement the nutrient consumption of the grapes, the fourth top dressing is carried out, mainly nitrogen and potassium. How can this time be combined with organic fertilizer, which can save labor and improve the efficiency of fertilizer use.
Foliage topdressing is a fast and effective fertilization method often used in agricultural production. This method can quickly restore tree vigor, correct lighter symptoms of deficiency, and can supplement iron, boron and zinc, which are often lacking in grape growing. Trace elements. The specific method is to dissolve the fertilizer in water and spray it on the leaf surface of the grape at a certain concentration (about three-thousandths of a nutrient suitable for nitrogen, phosphorus, etc.). The foliar dressing is best carried out in the early morning to ensure that the fertilizer is Leaves have sufficient effective moistening time.
Fourth, the number of fertilizer: the number and frequency of specific fertilizer should be determined based on the soil fertility, the growth of the vine and the production target to determine, such as the new medlar growth medium, dark green leaves, indicating that the soil nutrient balance is adequate. If the previous new crop grows too prosperous and grows longer, it is necessary to properly control the use of available nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation. On the contrary, if the new crop is weak, the leaf color is yellow, or there is a clear lack of nutrients, the lack of nutrients in the soil can be Considering the combination of diligence, less application, and foliar spray, it will be more effective. In addition, fertigation using drip irrigation system is also an effective method of fertilizing on sandy soil.
Taking 1333 kg per acre, the nutrients removed in the soil each year are 11.3 kg of nitrogen, 4 kg of phosphorus pentafluoride, 14.7 kg of potassium oxide, and 4 kg of magnesium oxide. Therefore, for red rice, the potassium fertilizer is Investment is greater than the input of nitrogen fertilizer. If you want to obtain better yield and quality, you should emphasize forest and potassium fertilizer application.
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