Jujube rust, also known as Chinese date rust, has become a serious issue in jujube-growing regions in recent years, leading to significant losses in production and severe damage to the local jujube industry. This disease typically occurs during the fruit enlargement stage, causing massive leaf drop, shriveled fruits, and a decrease in pulp sugar content, making the fruit less palatable. As a result of this disease, both yield and quality are significantly affected, directly impacting farmers' incomes. Moreover, after the early loss of leaves on severely infected trees, secondary sprouting and flowering may occur, which can negatively affect the next year's harvest. Therefore, it is crucial to implement comprehensive preventive and control measures in advance to minimize the damage caused by this disease.
1. **Chemical Control**. From early July to late August, apply fungicides every 10 to 15 days. Effective options include 1000-fold dilution of mancozeb or 1000-fold dilution of copper-based fungicides, or 200-fold Bordeaux mixture combined with 70% thiophanate-methyl at 800 times dilution. These treatments help effectively manage and prevent the spread of jujube rust.
2. **Scientific Fertilization**. According to field surveys, jujube rust tends to be more severe in orchards with poor soil fertility, weak tree vigor, low yields, and poor fruit quality. To address this, it is essential to implement scientific fertilization practices that enhance soil fertility and provide adequate nutrients for healthy growth and improved disease resistance. Apply organic manure as a base fertilizer, using 2,000 to 3,000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per acre. During the growing season, apply foliar fertilizers every 15 days, such as 800-fold fruit dew or PBOG at 1500 times dilution, along with borax at 400 times. After flowering, spray a mixture of Meifeng or Qirui amino acid fertilizer at 400 times dilution plus urea at 300 times. Timely top-dressing with fast-acting nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers is also important, with each mature fruit tree receiving 0.71 to 1.5 kg per application.
3. **Water Drainage in Rainy Seasons**. As the saying goes, "Sweet pears and jujubes," but long-term waterlogging in jujube orchards can lead to premature fruit drop and root death, increasing the risk of rust. Therefore, it is important to promptly drain excess water from low-lying areas during the rainy season to reduce the likelihood of disease occurrence.
4. **Proper Pruning**. In orchards where trees are densely planted and grow vigorously, proper pruning is necessary to improve air circulation and sunlight penetration. This helps strengthen tree vitality and enhance resistance to diseases. Pruning should focus on removing thin branches, as well as any overly dense new shoots inside the canopy that are not needed. Removing these reduces nutrient consumption, improves ventilation, and increases fruit set rate, ultimately improving fruit quality and reducing the risk of rust.
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