In the autumn, nectarine trees require additional care after harvest to replenish their nutrients, which is crucial for the growth and development of the following year. The tree's ability to produce new shoots, leaves, flowers, and fruits largely depends on the nutrients stored during the current season. If nutrient reserves are insufficient, it can negatively impact the next year’s yield. Therefore, proper autumn management is essential, focusing on six key areas:
First, pruning should be done promptly to remove dense, weak, or unproductive branches, such as overlapping, crossing, or old branch groups. Strong vertical branches or upper canopy branches should be pruned back, while upright branches with competing growth should be bent or weighted down to control their vigor and encourage flower bud formation. This helps promote fruiting and ensures that the tree remains balanced and healthy. Additionally, late-season shoots should be removed to help the branches mature properly.
Second, pest and disease prevention in autumn is critical. A mixture of antibiotics and Diflubenzuron can be sprayed at a concentration of 400–500 times and 3,200 times respectively, helping to control leaf diseases and pests. This reduces early leaf drop, enhances photosynthesis, and improves overall tree health.
Third, maintaining the tree platform is important. Drainage should be ensured by removing weeds, cultivating the soil, and shaping the tree platform to be higher inside and lower outside. This prevents waterlogging, especially in low-lying orchards where drainage ditches should be dug. Proper water management is vital for root health and nutrient uptake.
Fourth, autumn basal fertilization should follow the principle of "early, full, rich, and wide." High-quality organic fertilizer combined with appropriate amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer should be applied. The amount varies depending on the tree's size and health—less for young or weak trees, more for productive ones. Fertilizer trenches 30–50 cm deep and 50 cm wide should be dug under the tree canopy, mixing topsoil with organic matter before filling. For shallow-rooted orchards, the fertilizer should be placed in the 20–40 cm root zone. After harvest, foliar sprays of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (300 times) can also be used to support leaf recovery and nutrient absorption.
Fifth, tilling the soil around the tree base in autumn helps disrupt the overwintering habitat of pests like larvae and mites, which often reside in the top 10 cm of soil beneath the canopy. This practice effectively reduces pest populations before winter sets in.
Lastly, after the first frost, it's important to apply a pre-winter irrigation. Water should be sufficient to moisten the dry soil layer, but not too late—ideally no later than mid-November. This helps protect the roots from cold stress and ensures the tree has enough moisture to survive the winter.
By implementing these six practices, nectarine growers can significantly improve tree health, increase future yields, and ensure long-term productivity.
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