Winter management of major crops such as wheat, rapeseed, and green manure plays a crucial role in ensuring high yields of grain and oil for the upcoming year. Proper care during this season is essential to protect the crops from cold damage and promote healthy growth. Here are some key practices to follow during the winter months.
One effective method to help wheat seedlings survive the winter is to cover the soil with manure. This practice helps insulate the roots and prevents them from being exposed to extreme cold. For fields with poor seedling quality or over-sowing, it's recommended to use clear weather to cover the surface with fine soil, especially in ditches, to avoid root exposure and reduce plant death. In areas where little or no fertilizer has been applied, a layer of coarse organic matter can be spread on top to increase surface temperature and minimize frost damage.
Soil compaction is also important during the winter. By gently pressing down the soil, you can fill in cracks and prevent the loss of seedlings due to surface cracking. This technique not only protects the plants but also improves soil structure for better water retention and root development.
For rapeseed, which is often direct-seeded without tilling, it's important to maintain proper nutrient levels. When the seedlings have developed two true leaves, applying urea at a rate of 5 to 7.5 kg per acre is recommended. After the spring thaw, heavy fertilization should be carried out, ideally in up to three applications. During the winter, pests like locusts and leaf miners may appear, so regular monitoring and timely spraying are necessary to prevent infestations.
When it comes to green manure, drainage is critical. Fields that were not properly trenched during sowing should have ditches opened now to ensure efficient water runoff. In large and flat fields, ring ditches, central ditches, and branch ditches should be created to allow water to flow freely, reducing the risk of waterlogging. Additionally, covering the green manure with straw or weeds provides insulation and protection against harsh winter conditions.
As spring approaches, applying 2.5 to 3 kg of potassium fertilizer and 2 to 2.5 kg of urea per acre can significantly boost the growth of green manure. Potassium helps enhance nitrogen uptake, while nitrogen promotes strong seedling development, ultimately leading to higher yields. These steps, when followed carefully, will contribute to a successful growing season ahead.
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