Celery thrives in a cool and temperate climate, and it is sensitive to high temperatures. The ideal temperature range for its growth is between 15°C and 25°C. When the temperature exceeds 26°C, growth is hindered, quality declines, and the plant becomes more susceptible to diseases.
For seed processing, the optimal sowing time for celery is at the end of June. Seeds should be treated 7 to 10 days before planting. They are first soaked in cold water for 24 hours, then rinsed several times. After drying on a mat, they are wrapped in gauze and placed in a container kept at 15-20°C to promote germination. Within 6 to 7 days, most seeds will sprout and are ready for sowing.
When preparing the nursery bed, choose well-drained sandy loam soil with good topsoil structure. One week before sowing, apply 2,000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre and create a flat, 1.2-meter-wide seedbed. During bed preparation, some of the soil is removed and sieved for later use as covering material.
When sowing, ensure the seedbed has sufficient moisture. Mix the seeds with a small amount of fine soil and spread them evenly. Cover the seeds with 0.5 to 1 cm of soil. Use 1 to 1.25 kg of seeds per acre, which can produce seedlings for about 5 mu. After sowing, cover the bed with straw or similar material to provide shade and protect from rain. Avoid direct contact with the soil surface. If using straw, gradually uncover it daily after the seedlings emerge, especially during midday sun, and stop covering after 10 days. If using wheat straw, remove part of it 2 to 3 days after emergence, in 3 to 4 batches. After sowing, apply a herbicide solution—25% ether at 300 times dilution, 70 to 100 kg per acre.
Once true leaves appear, the seedlings should be 1.5 to 2 cm tall. When the second set of true leaves emerges, the height increases to 2 to 3 cm. Water the seedlings with small amounts of water, and apply 8 to 10 kg of urea per acre when they have 4 to 5 leaves. Reduce watering later to encourage strong, healthy seedlings.
Transplanting is typically done in early August. Before planting, apply 5,000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre, till the soil deeply, and level it carefully. Plant the seedlings according to their size, ensuring the roots are buried appropriately. Maintain a spacing of 20 cm between plants. Water immediately after transplanting and keep the soil moist until the seedlings establish. Once the plants settle, cultivate the soil deeply several times to promote root development.
Afterward, avoid watering unless there's an obvious drought. When the leaves grow upright, it indicates the plant has entered a rapid growth phase. Apply 20 to 30 kg of compound fertilizer per acre every 5 to 6 days.
Diseases such as blight, leaf spot, bacterial leaf spot, black rot, and soft rot commonly affect celery. Pests like aphids also pose a threat. To manage diseases, spray 75% chlorothalonil or 55% carbendazim WP diluted 600 times, once every 7 days for 2 to 3 applications. For aphid control, apply 30 g of imidacloprid per acre or 30 ml of 2.5% thiamethoxam mixed with 40-50 kg of water.
Harvesting usually takes place 90 to 120 days after planting. A yield of over 5,000 kg per mu can be achieved. Harvest by cutting and arranging the stalks neatly for sale.
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