Nutria feeding and management require a balanced diet tailored to local conditions to support full growth and reproductive health. During summer, an adult male nutria should receive 500 grams of green feed, 100 grams of root tubers, 100 grams of concentrate feed, 250 grams of twigs, 10 grams of meat and bone meal, and 0.5 grams of salt daily. In winter, the diet should include 150 grams of hay, 150 grams of root tubers, 120 grams of concentrate, 500 grams of branches, 10 grams of meat and bone meal, and 0.5 grams of salt. Female nutrias, especially those that are pregnant or nursing, require more food—typically 25% more green feed and 10% more concentrate. Bone powder should also be added to their diet to prevent rickets and ensure strong bone development.
The nutria enclosure is typically divided into three sections. The first is a pool measuring 1 meter in length, 1.5 meters in width, and 0.5 to 1 meter in depth, with steps for easy access. In the center is a 1.5-meter cube space made of wire mesh or bricks, with smooth inner walls to prevent escape. At the end, there is a small nesting chamber (lung) measuring 0.5 meters by 1 meter. The top is covered with a flap, and the floor is elevated 5 cm above the ground using wire or wood for easy cleaning. This setup allows for housing a female with young or a male and a female together.
In captivity, it's common to keep 25 females with 2–3 males. Once the females become pregnant, they are separated to reduce the risk of miscarriage. The enclosures should include pools, simple burrows, and shaded areas for comfort. For free-range farming, especially in southern China, areas rich in nutria-friendly vegetation and near water sources like lakes or rivers are ideal. The chosen location should have stable temperatures, good ventilation, natural barriers, and convenient access for management and transportation. Infrastructure such as feeding stations, shelters, and waste management systems should also be in place to support efficient and healthy nutria farming.
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