Ducks between 3 to 7 weeks of age are commonly referred to as middle-aged chicks. This stage is known as the peak growth period, during which ducks experience rapid physical development. They require a nutrient-rich diet, have a strong appetite, and consume large amounts of feed. Physiologically, they exhibit good adaptability to their environment, making them relatively easy to manage during this phase. Proper care and management during this critical time are essential for optimal growth and health. Here are the key points to consider:
First, the transition period in feeding is crucial. During the first 3 to 5 days after moving from the brooding house to the growing house, ducklings should gradually be introduced to the new feed to help them adapt. Temperature control is also important. Except in winter or early spring, when supplemental heating may be needed, natural temperature is usually sufficient. However, if there's a significant temperature difference (up to 3–5°C), a slight increase in temperature should be provided during the initial days to prevent cold stress. Before transporting the ducks, it's best to do so on an empty stomach. Gradually increasing the rearing area helps ducks adjust to more space, preventing leg problems or even paralysis due to sudden changes.
Second, nutrition is vital during this fast-growing phase. The feed must be well-balanced and contain all necessary nutrients in the right proportions. Studies show that using complete compound feed during this period can accelerate growth, reduce the feeding cycle, improve feed efficiency, and lower costs, ultimately boosting economic returns.
Third, feeding practices should be consistent. Ducks should be fed 4 times a day, with regular portions. High-quality compound feed is ideal, or a mixed powder can be prepared and moistened before spreading it on a bucket or plastic sheet. Ducks tend to drink and wash their mouths while eating, so water sources like shallow basins should be available at all times.
Fourth, proper management is key. The housing should remain clean and dry, with basic protection from wind and rain. Shading in summer and insulation in winter are important. Stocking density should be appropriate—around 8–10 meat ducks per square meter, or 10–15 dual-purpose ducks. As ducks grow, the density should be adjusted to avoid overcrowding, which can affect feed intake and overall performance. Grouping ducks by size ensures that weaker individuals receive extra attention and better nutrition, helping them catch up in growth. Maintaining a 23-hour lighting schedule supports healthy development. Providing small gravel in the pen or mixing it into feed improves digestion, enhances feed utilization, and strengthens the ducks’ overall health and immunity.
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