What is the focus of management in the current stage?
Garlic has now grown 7-9 leaves, the growth period into the late buds and flower bud differentiation period, this period is dominated by the growth of the leaves, garlic growth and development is a critical period. The gradual expansion of the root system and the shift from longitudinal growth to lateral growth, enhanced root growth, and accelerating accumulation of nutrients are the cornerstones for the growth of garlic sprouts and garlic. Due to the previous "backward" reason, coupled with the long period of cold spring this year, watering fertilizer lags behind, plants due to lack of nutrition show dry tips and physiological dry leaves, leaf color gray, dark, growth is not strong, green area Smaller than in previous years. Therefore, current management should focus on management measures that promote growth.
Specific should be done: (1) suit measures to local conditions, classification management: fast watering the loss of fertilizer from the plot, and topdressing quick-improvement nitrogen and potassium fertilizer 20 ~ 40 kg (if containing 6% of vitality, nitrogen 30% , Potassium-containing 6% of "agricultural license" compound fertilizer), see the seedlings after seeing, interval 7 to 10 days, in the garlic sprouts elongation, garlic inflated watering, and the amount of fertilizer. (2) Foliar spraying regulates growth: increase the foliar fertilizer of endogenous hormones. It is possible to use 0.136% bi-protected (Red peony root) 15000 times liquid, Huafu love agricultural fertilizer 750 times liquid.
What are the main measures for the two balanced fertilization?
Garlic is one of the vegetables that require more fertilizer and more fertilizer. The absorption of all kinds of nutrients by garlic was the highest in nitrogen, followed by potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. Each production of 1600 kg of garlic needs to absorb 13.4 to 16.3 kg of nitrogen, 1.9 to 2.4 kg of phosphorus, 7.1 to 8.5 kg of potassium, and 1.1 to 2.1 kg of calcium. After the differentiation of scale buds and flower buds (that is, a period of time in the future), garlic is the peak period of absorption of three elements in garlic; before seizure, it is the peak period of absorption of trace elements iron, manganese and magnesium; the three elements after picking and the absorption of boron are again To reach a small peak, zinc absorption peaks. Among the three elements of fertilizers, nitrogen deficiency has the greatest impact on yield, phosphorus deficiency is the second, and potassium deficiency is less. When three factors are lacking at the same time, the impact on garlic production is even greater. In addition, calcium, magnesium and sulfur are also indispensable elements in the growth and development of garlic.
Based on the above laws of garlic and fertilizer requirements, in contrast to actual production, we tend to apply NPK fertilizers while ignoring the application of trace element fertilizers, focusing on chemical fertilizers, ignoring organic fertilizers, and neglecting biological fertilizers. In the future, organic bio-fertilizer should be added and micro-fertilizer should be added. In addition to organic fertilizer, organic fertilizers should be applied in addition. Organic bio-fertilizer can be used for "agricultural license" yeast vigor organic fertilizer 50 kilograms or Chengde Yifeng enzyme humic acid fertilizer 80 kilograms per mu; top dressing can be used Chengde Hao Feng brand gold potassium calcium fertilizer. Based on the application of micro fertilizer, it is necessary to combine humic acid foliar fertilizer for foliar spray and control once every 10 days (such as Huafu Agro Fertilizer 750 times liquid and “Zhuxian†black Zhuangfeng micro fertilizer. 300 times liquid). The application of a large number of elements of fertilizer should be selected 3:1:3 ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (such as nitrogen 18% - phosphorus 7% - potassium 15% of the "Agricultural" compound fertilizer).
Three garlic pests and diseases should pay attention to what
From the production point of view, the main pests and diseases of garlic are garlic leaf blight, virus disease and underground roots.
1. Leaf blight: The main damage to garlic leaves, the incidence began at the tip or leaves of other parts. At the beginning, it was a small white dot, followed by an irregularly shaped or oval-shaped grayish-white or grayish-brown spot. The upper part of the crop was black and mildewy. When it was severe, all the diseased leaves withered and many black granules were scattered on the top. When the damage is serious, the whole plant does not bolt. The disease is caused by the infection of Ascomycete subsp. Germs are more adaptable to temperature but require higher humidity. Rainfall and high humidity in the field are necessary conditions for disease epidemics.
Control methods: (1) Seed dressing before sowing. Seed dressing was carried out with a seed weight of 0.3% of 50% carbendazim wettable powder. (2) After the field is harvested, the diseased plants and leaves must be cleaned, burned or buried in a timely manner to reduce the source of bacteria. (3) Strengthen field management. Reasonable fertilization, reasonable close planting, reasonable watering, reduce humidity, enhance plant resistance to disease. (4) In the early stage of disease, chemical control will be conducted in a timely manner. 70% thiophanate-methyl (Kato) wettable powder available 450 times, or 10% methyl polychlorite (difenoconazole) wettable powder 1500 times or 30% oxycamptothecin wettable powder 1800 times the liquid, every 7 to 10 days once, continuous control of 2 or 3 times.
2. Viral disease: The above-ground leaves of the diseased plant became smaller, showing a pale yellowish greenish stripe, and the new heart leaf became thin. After extraction, it was pale yellow and greenish linear deformed leaves, and the plants were obviously short and small. The garlic of the diseased plant was smaller and the garlic was also reduced; the fibrous roots of the fibrous roots were significantly reduced. In severe cases, garlic is stiff and the storage period is more pronounced. The disease is transmitted from the bulb to the virus. Due to years of asexual reproduction and the risk of locust transmission, viral disease is more common.
Prevention and control measures: (1) Strict seed selection and establishment of original breeding and production breeding systems and bases according to local conditions. (2) In the season of locust migration, spray 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1500 times, or 50% acetamiprid (Wanxin) water dispersible granules 2500 times, kill aphids and reduce the chance of transmission. (3) Where conditions permit, it is also possible to cultivate virus-free seedlings by means of bud tip culture. Use virus-free garlic. (4) In the early stage of spraying, the immune bactericide was induced: 0.5% aminooligosaccharide 500 times or 0.136% erythromycin B (Baihu) 15000 times. It is also possible to spray Greenfield God 120 times, 6.5% Mycotoxin (safe rot) 200 times, or 20% azole copper moroxydine (Kel) 750 times after the manifestation to inactivate the virus and promote growth. Obvious effect.
3. Underground root borer: mainly fleas, onion fly larvae and root worms. Roots are often rotted, yellow leaves are on the ground, and late garlic petals often depart from the flaps, causing commercial deterioration. According to the practice of the past few years, after the mother of garlic is retired, it is generally the beginning of the damage of garlic pods in the middle and early April. The use of 20% chlorantranosulfuron (900mg/kg) mu is used for 900-1000ml, and 52.25% chlorpyrifos is chlorpyrifos. Hing) Mu 300-400 ml with water flushing effect is better.
How to prevent quadruple growth
The secondary growth is an abnormal phenomenon of garlic sprouting before garlic harvest. The secondary growth of garlic is related to the heredity of the variety, but it is also closely related to cultivation techniques and climate conditions.
1. The temperature and humidity of garlic during storage have a significant effect on secondary growth, and low temperature and high humidity have a promoting effect. Therefore, garlic should be stored at temperatures above 16°C and humidity below 75%.
2. The irrigation period and irrigation volume have an important influence on the occurrence of secondary garlic growth. During the whole growth period, especially after scale differentiation, irrigation times are numerous, each irrigation volume is large, soil moisture is high (relative water content is 80% to 95%), and it has a promoting effect on secondary growth. Therefore, it should be reasonable. Watering to prevent flooding and continuous high humidity soils.
3. Based on the application of organic fertilizer as the base fertilizer, the use of nitrogen fertilizer and the number of uses also have an effect on secondary growth. In the management process, large fertilizers and partial application of nitrogen fertilizer will cause secondary growth of garlic. After the expansion of the bulb, keep the field dry, and balance fertilizer. Do not apply nitrogen fertilizer.
4. The sowing date should be appropriate. The suitable garlic bulb expansion temperature is 20～25°C. The garlic goes into dormancy above 26°C. When the sunshine duration is less than 13 hours, the new leaf can continue to differentiate, but it cannot form on the bulb. Lateral buds, so when garlic is grown, it must be planted at the right place and at the right time, and it cannot be blindly advanced. During the suitable sowing period in southern Yunnan, the average daily temperature is between 20 and 22°C, from late September to early October. It is advisable to grow 4 to 5 true leaves a year ago.
5. Proper close planting is conducive to the orderliness of garlic and individual growth. The best row spacing is 16 centimeters and 10 centimeters.
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