Recently, many potato growers called to reflect the fact that this year's potato production showed a longer stem length and a smaller number of plants per plant than in previous years. What is the reason for consultation? This starts with the morphological structure and growth characteristics of potato plants and the weather conditions in our province during the potato growth period this year.
The potato plants were divided into two parts: the upper part of the ground and the lower part of the ground. The upper part of the potato had stems, pinnate leaves, buds and fruits; the underground part had underground stems, roots, stalks and tubers. The results of the above-ground part are related to the variety and the external environmental conditions. Different planting times of the same variety in different years and the same year will affect the flowering result. The products obtained from the cultivation of potatoes are tubers produced underground, and the tubers are formed by the swelling of the stem tips, which have many characteristics of the stems on the ground. The stem stems, tubers, and stems on the ground can be said to be essentially indistinguishable and can be transformed into each other under certain environmental conditions. For example, the lateral branches at the upper part of the leafhoppers on the ground can form a gas-induced tuber, and the tips of the shallow-covered tubers often grow out of the branches with a green leaf.
The stem is inserted in the stem section of the underground stem and is the side branch of the axillary bud on the stem section. Potatoes are cool and like cold crops. The formation and growth of underground potato block requires a loose, breathable, cool and moist soil environment. The temperature requirements: the optimum tuber growth temperature is 16 °C ~ 18 °C, when the temperature is higher than 25 °C, tubers stop growing; the optimum temperature for stem and leaf growth is 15 °C ~ 25 °C, more than 39 °C to stop growing.
Potatoes in most areas of Henan province are usually sown in the late February to early March. The seedlings are sown in early April and form tubers in late April to early May. This year most parts of Henan Province began to experience hot weather of more than 25°C in late April, sometimes reaching 30°C, and this period was the formation and expansion of potato tubers. Under high temperature conditions, the growth of stems and leaves is luxuriant. After the temperature is higher than 25°C, the tubers at the top of the stolons stop expanding and grow, and the growth of stems and leaves can still be performed normally. At this time, the organic nutrients produced by the leaves are all used for the stems, stems and leaves of the stolons. As a result, the stems and leaves grow in length, the stems grow long, and some even penetrate the ground and become shoots on the ground, resulting in a small number of single plants.
In order to avoid the occurrence of this phenomenon, the following points should be noted for the cultivation of potatoes in the future:
Timely early sowing should be timely and timely fertilization and sowing, so that the whole growth period of the potato is in a relatively cool, low temperature season, so that the formation and expansion of potato block avoid high temperature period.
Pay attention to the thickness of the earth and general soil thickness of not less than 12 cm. If the thickness of the cover soil is insufficient at the time of sowing, the seedlings are grown 1 to 2 times after emergence. The cover soil is too thin, the ground temperature changes drastically, and the pods are easily pulled out of the ground.
Topdressing nitrogen fertilizer should not be too late nitrogen fertilizer is conducive to the elongation of the stem, the application of too late and excessive are not conducive to the expansion of the stem tuber, affecting the formation of potato block.
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