According to the requirements of cleaner production, the scaled pig farms can promote clean production mainly from the aspects of improving the feeding level, improving the management level, improving the comprehensive waste treatment technology, and establishing a circular economy model. Improve nutrition levels and improve nutrient utilization
To improve feed nutrient levels and improve feed utilization, aquaculture companies are required to make full use of nutrient regulation technologies, scientifically and rationally formulate feeds to enhance the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and reduce the discharge of excreta, thereby realizing a reduction of the aquaculture pollution from the source. The main methods are: First, in the breeding process, different feed ingredients should be selected according to different weights and ages of pigs, scientifically configured nutritive balanced feeds with high utilization, and according to different growth and development stages of pigs, rations should be matched. The second is the application of feed pelleting technology during the breeding process, so that the pig feed particle size is between 700-800μm, which can improve the efficiency of feed utilization. Third, the addition of synthetic amino acids, phytase, glucanase, organic acids, lactic acid bacteria and other preparations in feeds can increase the utilization of protein in feeds, reduce the amount of phosphorus released in the waste, and supplement animal endogenous enzymes; Emissions of organic substances; Raising the activity of enzymes in the stomach, promoting the absorption of nutrients in the diet; Reducing the production of ammonia and other putrefaction substances, reducing the content of nitrogen and fetid substances in the feces; Enhancing the body's inhibition of harmful microorganisms in the intestinal tract, increasing Feed conversion rate promotes animal growth. Fourth, the use of yolk antibodies, organic trace elements, probiotics, acidifying agents, plant extracts, etc. to replace heavy metal additives can reduce the heavy metal content in the feces and reduce the harm caused to the ecological environment.
Improve the level of feeding and management and reduce the production of pollutants
By improving the level of feeding and management, comprehensive utilization of resources and energy conservation, consumption reduction, water conservation and other ways to reduce the generation of pollutants. The main methods are as follows: (1) Adopt multi-stage feeding methods to raise and grow pigs in multi-stage feeding, and sows to adopt two-stage feeding during pregnancy and lactation to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus intake and excretion in pigs. 2 Wet and dry diversion, from the production process to improve, the use of dry cleaning process, reduce the amount of sewage, dry manure and urine and rinse water flow, maximize the preservation of fecal nutrients, reduce the concentration of pollutants in the sewage. Improve flushing facilities and use water-saving flushing equipment (such as high-pressure flushing equipment) to reduce the amount of waste water generated. 3 Implement rainwater and sewage diversion, build double drainage ditch, one for rainwater ditch for collecting rainwater, and one for sewage ditch and cover for collecting waste sewage and sewage only to enter treatment facilities. 4 The use of natural pig raising technology can greatly reduce the discharge of waste and reduce the pollution of the pig industry to the environment.
Adopt waste comprehensive treatment technology to achieve wastewater discharge standard
Under the current technological level and economic development level, it is difficult to achieve complete and thorough waste-free production. Adopting necessary end-of-pipe treatment measures to achieve waste water discharge standards is the final gatekeeping measure after taking other preventive measures. The pollutants produced by the field have the least harm to the environment. In the process of excrement treatment on large-scale pig farms, more advanced methods are as follows: 1 Under certain conditions, the process of fermentation using thermophilic microorganisms can oxidize and decompose organic matter, and transform and degrade organic long-chain polymer into small molecules. The humus-like, and finally degradation and conversion to CO2, H2O, NH3 and inorganic salts of pig manure aerobic composting technology. 2 Biogas fermentation technology using anaerobic microorganisms to convert organic matter from cultured manure to CO2, CH4 and H2O under anaerobic conditions. 3 Anaerobic and aerobic combined treatment technology for the removal of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen in cultured manure by using anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms to decompose organic matter and ammonia nitrogen. 4 The anaerobic fermentation and oxidation pond combination treatment technology is adopted to remove organic matter and ammonia nitrogen in cultured manure after oxidation of the cultured manure by biogas.
Establishing a recycling model for farmed manure to achieve sustainable development of the livestock industry
The biogas project is an important way for the large-scale pig manure resource recycling, and it is an effective measure to realize the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. The organic matter in the pig manure is decomposed and converted into biogas, biogas slurry, biogas residue and other renewable resources in the anaerobic environment of the biogas digester, and an ecological chain for comprehensive utilization of livestock and poultry husbandry and planting resources is established. As a clean energy source, biogas can be used for cooking, power generation, etc. It can also be used for preservation and storage of agricultural products. Biogas slurry can be used for soaking crops and processing foliar fertilizers. Biogas residue is a highly efficient organic fertilizer. Do nutrient-based planting of edible fungi, cultured earthworms, etc.
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