This year, due to the fact that the average temperature in Beijing during the same period was higher than in previous years, the precipitation was less, resulting in a high-temperature and low-humidity environment in the facility, which is conducive to the occurrence of small pests. Recently, the technical personnel of the Beijing Plant Protection Station have been receiving phone calls from technicians of the plant protection departments of some counties and districts and some of the production parks, reflecting the rampant rampage of the Hummer in the production shed. The survey found that the worst damage to crops such as eggplants, peppers, cucumbers, and watermelons was as high as 1760 in 100 eggplants and as high as 27 heads/flower in peppers, cucumbers, and watermelons.
Hummer damage characteristics
Hummer is a small insect, sucking mouthparts. Stages of spawning, nymphs, and adult worms are found in all stages of the thrips. In the thrips, adults and nymphs suck the young tissues (shoots, leaves, flowers, fruits, etc.) of the plant. The damaged young leaves and young shoots become harder and curly and wither, the plants grow slowly, and the internodes shorten; young fruits (such as Eggplants, cucumbers, watermelons, etc.) can become hardened after being damaged, causing serious fruit drop and severely affecting yield and quality.
Hummer's adult lively, good fly can jump, but also through the wind to spread. Hummer has a greenish habit and is afraid of light. During the day, it is generally concentrated on the back of the leaves, and on cloudy days and in the evening, it is possible to move on the foliage. Thrips generally perform parthenogenetic reproduction and occasionally undergo sexual reproduction. The suitable temperature of the thrips for the breeding environment varies with species. The optimum temperature for development is 24°C-30°C for humulus, 23°C-26°C for onion thrips, and relative humidity is 40%-70%, if the temperature reaches Above 35°C, the insect population decreased significantly.
In recent years, the damage caused by thrips in fruits, vegetables, and cotton has been aggravated year by year and has become one of the major pests, especially in vegetable crops such as solanes and melons grown in protected areas. The trend of harm. Because environmental conditions in protected cultivation are conducive to the occurrence of thrips, and because of its rapid propagation, if it is not prevented and controlled in time, it will cause disasters and seriously affect plant growth and fruit quality. Therefore, we must pay attention to the prevention and control of the thrips, so as to avoid the "small bugs" become major harm.
At present, the prevention and control of thrips in actual production is still based on chemical pesticides. However, long-term unregulated and unregulated use of chemical pesticides has caused a series of problems in the ecological environment and food safety. Hainan’s “poisonous cowpea incident†in 2010 It is because some farmers use water and other highly toxic pesticides to prevent thrips. In order to promote the reduction of pesticides, the Beijing Plant Protection Station continued to research and introduce new biological control technologies and products. At present, a new member of the Beijing biological natural enemies team has been added, the East Asian florets, and the East Asian florets have been implemented. The commercialization of the facility has provided new product and technology reserves for the production of vegetable in Beijing.
East Asian florets are a natural enemies with huge potential
The East Asian florets belong to Hemiptera, Calycanthaceae, and Calyces. The genus Acarina is one of the most abundant species in the family Castanopsis, widely distributed throughout the world, and is an important natural enemies of insects such as Thysanoptera, Homoptera, Lepidoptera, and leafhoppers. In the 1980s, Canada successfully controlled the western flower thrips on cucumber through the introduction of American floret. At present, many natural enemies in North America and Europe provide floret products for the control of thrips.
East Asian florets are important predatory natural enemies of agricultural and forestry economic crop pests such as vegetables, fruit trees, and cotton fields in northern China. Widely distributed, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Hunan, Hubei and other places are all distributed; it takes a long time and occurs in the Beijing area from the end of April to the beginning of October; it has a wide range of predation, and it is widely used for horses, aphids, and leafhoppers. The pests of whiteflies, leafhoppers, lepidopteran eggs and newly hatched larvae all have strong predation, which is a natural enemies with huge potential.
After more than two years of research and development, the plant protection station has mastered the biological characteristics of the East Asian florets, developed indoor scale breeding techniques, established a pilot production line, and conducted trial demonstrations and application promotion in the fields. In 2015, the breeding base for natural enemies and insects in Beijing has begun large-scale breeding of East Asian florets, with an annual breeding capacity of 30 million heads.
East Asian small flower bud prevention and control Hummer application technology
â– Use blue plates to monitor the occurrence of thrips in the field and detect the occurrence of thrips. When the density of the population is 1-2 heads per plant, release the East Asian calyx to prevent and control it.
â– East Asian floret control Thymus application method: In the greenhouse to prevent the occurrence of pests, according to the number of 0.5 head / m2 release, 14 days after the release once; monitoring each 1-2 head of the thrips, in accordance with 1-2 The density of the head/m2 is released and released once in 7 days; when the pests are severe, they are released at a density of 10 heads per square meter. The release of East Asian florets may use bagging or spreading. The bagged product is hung on the stem and petiole of the plant to avoid direct sunlight and rain poured into the bag; or it is directly applied to the leaves of the plant along with the culture material, and no irrigation is required for 2 days to facilitate the small East Asian flowers that are sprinkled on the ground. The earthworms are transferred to the plants.
Demonstration and application of East Asian floret
In the first half of 2016, the Beijing Plant Protection Station jointed the Changping District Plant Protection and Phytosanitary Station, Shunyi District Plant Protection and Phytosanitary Station, and other departments to carry out the prevention and control of the effects of Hummer on a variety of crops such as eggplant, pepper, cucumber, and watermelon. Evaluation, eggplant on the application of East Asian floret control thrips control effect of up to 78%; pepper, cucumber and watermelon flower control on more than 70%. On the basis of good experimental results, a total of 11 bases in Changping District and Shunyi District carried out natural enemy insects—East Asian florets to control the demonstration of thrips. The demonstration area covers an area of ​​200 mu and a total of 100,000 East Asian florets have been released.
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