Scientific Name: Fortunella margarita Common Names: Luofu, Milk Kumquat, Jujube Orange Family: Rutaceae Native to southern China, the kumquat is widely cultivated in the Yangtze River region and various southern provinces. This evergreen shrub is densely branched and typically lacks thorns. Its leaves are oblong with a dark green upper surface and oil glands on the underside. The petioles have narrow wings, adding to its unique appearance. The plant produces single flowers or clusters of 2–3 flowers in leaf axils. These white, fragrant blossoms bloom from June to August. The fruit is small, usually oblong or obovate, and turns golden when cooked. Fruiting occurs from November to December. Kumquats thrive in warm, moist, and sunny conditions but are also relatively cold-resistant, drought-tolerant, and can tolerate partial shade. They prefer deep, fertile, well-drained, acidic sandy soil. Propagation is commonly done through grafting, using rootstocks like mandarin oranges, limes, or seedlings. Grafting techniques include cleft grafting, budding, and approach grafting. In spring (March–April), branches are cut for propagation, while buds are collected between June and September. For potted plants, grafting is often performed in June. Rootstocks should be planted a year in advance, and after grafting, they need to be transplanted the following year, ensuring that as much soil as possible is retained. Potted kumquats should be placed in sunny locations with adequate water. Repotting is generally done every two years, and pruning is recommended to maintain shape. After repotting, the plant should be watered thoroughly. To enhance ornamental value, it's advisable to increase phosphate fertilizer, which promotes shoot growth and maturity while limiting branch length to encourage flower bud formation. During flowering, top-dressing and additional fertilization help support blooming. After fruit set, thinning is necessary depending on the tree’s vigor, ensuring uniform size and maturity of fruits, thus improving their visual appeal. Common pests and diseases include spider mites, orange rust, scale insects, swallowtail butterflies, leaf miners, canker, and scab. Other ornamental species in the same genus include: - **Fortunella crassifolia** (Gold Bullet): Thick, hard leaves with curled edges, short petioles, and large, round, golden-yellow fruits with few seeds. - **Fortunella hindsii** (Golden Beans): Small, round fruits resembling soybeans, red-orange in color, inedible. - **Fortunella japonica**: Small, cherry-sized fruits, yellow to orange in color. - **Fortunella obovata** (Longevity Kumquat): Known for flowering on the moon, also called "Moon Orange." Fruits are ovate, pale yellow, and fragrant. - **Fortunella polyandra** (Long-Leaved Kumquat): Long, lance-shaped leaves and round, thin-skinned fruits. Not cold-hardy. With lush foliage, elegant form, and fragrant white flowers, kumquats are popular ornamental plants in traditional potted culture. Their bright, attractive fruits make them a favorite for both decoration and culinary use.
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