In recent years, the issue of beverage safety has attracted more and more people's attention. Although many large-scale brand beverage product manufacturers have been exposed to health and safety issues, the beverages sold in major supermarkets still have a wide variety of colors and colors. People are worried about the problem of adding organic synthetic pigments hidden behind their bright colors.
Food coloring is harmful to the human body, mainly because the edible synthetic pigments are mainly made up of chemical products such as benzene, toluene and naphthalene. They are formed by a series of organic reactions such as sulfonation, nitrification and azodation. Some pigments have long-term low-dose intake. There is also the possibility of teratogenicity and carcinogenesis. Although the relevant laws have banned the use of artificially synthesized pigments, there are still criminals who are driven by the desire to break through the use of varieties, ranges and quantities, abuse and heavy doses of pigments, so that consumers' health is subject to food safety problems. Threat.
In view of the unsafeness of edible synthetic pigments, the state has also strengthened the regulation of synthetic pigments, and has established standards for the use of food additives (GB 2760-2011). In addition, the detection of synthetic pigments is also very important, and synthetic colorants in national standard foods. The determination standard (GB/T 5009.35-2003) specifies the detection method of 8 kinds of synthetic pigments of new red, tartrazine, amaranth, carmine, sunset yellow, red peony, bright blue and indigo, mainly high-efficiency liquid. A phase chromatograph detects the consumption of synthetic pigments in beverages.
Testing equipment: high performance liquid chromatography LC-3000 (configure infusion pump, column oven, UV detector, chromatography workstation), multi-functional nitrogen blowing instrument, solvent filter, solid phase extraction instrument.
Standard solution: The standard solution for the use of synthetic pigments is 1.00 mg/mL standard solution such as sunset yellow and lemon yellow, diluted 20 times with water, and filtered through a 0.45 μm filter to prepare a standard use solution of 50.0 μg/mL.
Solid phase extraction column purification: SPE cartridge: Cleanert PWAX (150mg/6mL) Cleanert PA polyamide column (1g/6mL) Take the above two solid phase extraction columns and the above extract to the solid phase extraction instrument to complete the SPE purification process. : 6mL methanol, 6mL water (pH 6~7); add 10mL; 6mL water (pH=4), 6mL methanol-formic acid (6:4), 6mL water (pH 6~7) rinse; The column was dried by air for 5 min, 6 mL of 2% ammoniated methanol was eluted and received, and the collected liquid was dried under a nitrogen gas blowing apparatus at 50 ° C, and made up to volume with 1 mL of water, filtered through a 0.45 μm water filter, to be tested.
Sample preparation: Weigh 10g sample into 100mL beaker, carbon dioxide sample heated to remove carbon dioxide; weigh 20.0g sample solution into the separatory funnel, add 2mL hydrochloric acid, 10mL tri-n-octylamine n-butanol solution (5% ), the synthetic pigment was extracted by shaking, and the extraction was repeated until it was colorless, about 3 to 4 times. Combine the extracted synthetic pigments and wash them twice with 10 mL of saturated sodium sulfate solution. Transfer the extracted synthetic pigments to another separatory funnel, add 50 mL of n-hexane, mix with ammonia water for 3 times, each time 5 mL, combine ammonia water layer. Add acetic acid to neutral, evaporate to near dryness in water bath, and add water to dissolve to 5mL. Filter at 0.45 μm and take 10 μL into a high performance liquid chromatograph.
Chromatographic conditions:
Column: C18 (4.6mm × 250mm, 10μm);
Mobile phase: methanol;
Gradient elution: methanol: 20% ~ 35% 3min; 35% ~ 98% 9min; 98% 6min.
UV detector: 254nm
Flow rate: 1ml/min.
Injection volume: 10 μL.
Vitamins:
Vitamin A: Retinol. Carotene compounds responsible for transmitting light sensation in the retina of the eye. Deficiency leads to night blindness.
Beta carotene: An antioxidant which protects cells against oxidation damage that can lead to cancer. Beta carotene is converted, as needed, to vitamin A. Food sources of beta carotene include vegetables such as carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach and other leafy green vegetables; and fruit such as cantaloupes and apricots. Excessive carotene in the diet can temporarily yellow the skin, a condition called carotenemia, commonly seen in infants fed largely mushed carrots.
Vitamin B1: Thiamin, acts as a coenzyme in body metabolism. Deficiency leads to beriberi, a disease of the heart and nervous system.
Vitamin B2: Riboflavin, essential for the reactions of coenzymes. Deficiency causes inflammation of the lining of the mouth and skin.
Vitamin B3: Niacin, an essential part of coenzymes of body metabolism. Deficiency causes inflammation of the skin, vagina, rectum and mouth, as well as mental slowing.
Vitamin B6: Pyridoxine, a cofactor for enzymes. Deficiency leads to inflammation of the skin and mouth, nausea, vomiting, dizziness , weakness and anemia.
Folate (folic acid): Folic acid is an important factor in nucleic acid synthesis (the genetic material). Folate deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia.
Vitamin B12: An essential factor in nucleic acid synthesis (the genetic material of all cells). Deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia, as can be seen in pernicious anemia.
Vitamin C: Ascorbic acid, important in the synthesis of collagen, the framework protein for tissues of the body. Deficiency leads to scurvy, characterized by fragile capillaries, poor wound healing, and bone deformity in children.
Vitamin D: A steroid vitamin which promotes absorption and metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. Under normal conditions of sunlight exposure, no dietary supplementation is necessary because sunlight promotes adequate vitamin D synthesis in the skin. Deficiency can lead to osteomalacia in adults and bone deformity (rickets) in children.
Vitamin E: Deficiency can lead to anemia.
Vitamin K: An essential factor in the formation of blood clotting factors. Deficiency can lead to abnormal bleeding.
Nutritions:
For the treatment of nutritional disease, any of the nutrient-related diseases and conditions that cause illness in humans. They may include deficiencies or excesses in the diet, obesity and eating disorders, and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cancer, and diabetes mellitus. Nutritional diseases also include developmental abnormalities that can be prevented by diet, hereditary metabolic disorders that respond to dietary treatment, the interaction of foods and nutrients with drugs, food allergies and intolerances, and potential hazards in the food supply. All of these categories are described in this article. For a discussion of essential nutrients, dietary recommendations, and human nutritional needs and concerns throughout the life cycle, see nutrition, human.
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