First, the characteristics of corn need fertilizer 1. Different growth stages of maize on the characteristics of nutrient requirements Each growth period of corn needs a different proportion of nutrients. From emergence to jointing, maize absorbed 2.5% of nitrogen, 1.12% of available phosphorus, and 3% of effective potassium; from jointing to flowering, it absorbed 51.15% of nitrogen, 63.81% of available phosphorus, and 97% of effective potassium; from flowering to maturity, it absorbed nitrogen 46.35 %, available phosphorus 35.07%, effective potassium 0%. The critical period of corn nutrition: The critical period of corn phosphorus nutrition is in the three-leaf stage, generally the seed nutrition shifts to the soil nutrition period; the critical period of maize nitrogen is later than the phosphorus, usually in the period from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. The critical period has little demand for nutrients, but the nutrients should be comprehensive and the proportion should be appropriate. Too little or unbalanced nutrients during this period will have significant adverse effects on the growth and development of corn, and no matter how to supplement the lack of nutrients will not help. The maximum nutrient efficiency of corn: the maximum efficiency of corn during the big bellmouth period. This is the period when corn nutrient absorption is fastest. During this period, the absolute quantity and relative quantity of nutrients required by maize were the largest, the absorption rate was the fastest, and the effect of fertilizer was the greatest. At this time, the fertilizer application amount was appropriate, and the effect of increasing maize yield was most obvious. 2. The demand for nutrients during the whole growth period of corn The growth of corn needs to absorb a variety of mineral nutrients from the soil, of which nitrogen is the most, potassium is the second, and phosphorus is the third. In general, for each 100 kg of grain produced, 2.5 kg of pure nitrogen, 1.2 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 2.0 kg of potassium oxide are absorbed from the soil. The ratio of N, P, and K is 1:0.48:0.8. Second, the amount of corn fertilization 1. Determine the target production target output is how much the amount of corn planted in the year, it is determined by the level of soil fertility of the arable land. In addition, according to the average yield of corn in the first three years of the plot, another 10%-15% increase can be used as the target yield of maize. For example: a plot of land with high fertility, when the planned corn production reached 600 kilograms, the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients needed for the whole growth period of corn were 15 kg, 7.2 kg and 12 kg, respectively. 2. Calculate soil nutrient supply Determine how much available nutrient the soil contains, and then calculate how many nutrients it contains in 1 mu of land. 1 mu of surface soil is counted as 20 cm and there are 150,000 kg of soil. If the measured value of alkaline dissolved nitrogen is 120 mg/kg, the available phosphorus content is 40 mg/kg, and the available potassium content is 90 mg/kg. The total amount of effective alkali-hydrolyzing nitrogen in 1 mu of soil is: 150,000 kg 120 mg/kg 10 minus 6 power = 18 kg, the total available phosphorus is 6 kg, and the total available potassium is 13.5 kg. Because of the effect of soil nutrients due to various factors of soil, all available nutrients in the soil cannot be fully absorbed and utilized by corn, and it is necessary to multiply a soil nutrient correction coefficient. The study of formula fertilization parameters in each province in China shows that the correction coefficient of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen is between 0.3-0.7, the correction coefficient of the available phosphorus (Olsen method) is between 0.4-0.5, and the correction coefficient of quick-acting potassium is between 0.5-0.85. The N, P and K fertiliser utilization rates were: nitrogen 30%-35%, phosphorus 10%-20%, and potassium 40%-50%. 3. Determining the fertilizing amount of corn With the nutrients required for the whole growth period of corn, the supply of soil nutrients and the fertilizer utilization rate, the amount of fertilizer applied to corn can be directly calculated. The conversion of the pure nutrient content into the physical amount of fertilizer can then be used to guide fertilization. According to the data in 1,2, 600 kg of corn per mu, the required amount of pure nitrogen is (15-180.6) 0.30 = 14 kg. Phosphorus application rate (7.2-60.5) 0.2 = 21 kg, taking into account the obvious aftereffect of phosphate fertilizer, so the phosphate fertilizer can be halved, that is, 10 kg. The amount of potash used was (12-13.50.6) 0.50 = 8 kg. If the application of diammonium phosphate, urea and potassium chloride, diammonium phosphate should be applied per acre 20 kg -22 kg, urea 22 kg -25 kg, potassium chloride 14 kg. 4. Application of Micro Fertilizers Maize is very sensitive to zinc and if the available zinc in the soil is less than 0.5 mg/kg to 1.0 mg/kg, zinc fertilizer is required. The availability of zinc in the soil is higher than in alkaline conditions under acidic conditions, so alkaline and calcareous soils are now susceptible to zinc deficiency. In areas where long-term application of phosphate fertilizers occurs, phosphorus and zinc are likely to induce zinc deficiency due to antagonism and should be supplemented. Zinc fertilizer is commonly used zinc sulfate and zinc chloride, the amount of base application acres 0.5 kg -2.5 kg, seed dressing 4 g / kg -5 g / kg, soaking concentration of 0.02% -0.05%. If the compound fertilizer contains a certain amount of zinc, it is not necessary to apply zinc fertilizer alone. Third, the corn fertilization method 1. Basal fertilizer 2000 kg -3000 kg of organic fertilizer, all phosphate fertilizer, one-third of nitrogen fertilizer, all potassium fertilizer as base fertilizer or seed fertilizer. It can be applied to the sowing ditch once in combination with the ploughing and ridging, so that the fertilizer can be applied to a plow layer of 10 cm to 15 cm. All fertilizers can be used as base fertilizers. 2. Fertilizer Seed Fertilizer is the most economical and effective fertilization method. Fertilizer application methods are various, such as: seed dressing, soaking, sticking, acupuncture. The seed dressing can use humic acid, biological fertilizer and micro-fertilizer. The fertilizer is dissolved, sprayed on the corn seed, sprayed while mixing, so that the fertilizer solution is evenly stained on the surface of the seed and sown after drying. Soaking: The fertilizer is dissolved to a certain concentration, the seeds are soaked in the solution for 12 hours, and sown immediately after drying. Article Shi, point Shi: chemical fertilizer suitable Shi Shi, acupuncture, do fertilizer fertilizer dosage 2 kg -5 kg. However, the fertilizer must be separated from the seeds; deeper fertilization is better, with a depth of 10 cm to 15 cm. Urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, and potassium chloride should not be used as seed fertilizers. 3. Dress top two-thirds of the remaining nitrogen as top dressing. Top dressing is divided into four fertilizers: seedling fertilizer, stalk fertilizer, panicle fertilizer, and grain fertilizer. The following two periods are the focus: Stalk fertilizer: Topdressing within 10 days after jointing has the effect of promoting stem growth and promoting young panicle differentiation. One-third of the top nitrogen fertilizer is used as a joint-fertilizer, and the distance between the fertilizer and the seedling is 5 cm to 7 cm. Pan-fertilizer: The remaining nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the big bell-mouth period 10 days to 15 days before the tasselling of corn, which can promote the growth of large panicles and has good effects on grain filling at later stages.
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