Onion, also known as onion, belongs to the genus Liliaceae, and is a biennial herbaceous plant. It is cold-tolerant, hi-wet, adaptable, and has high yield. It is deeply loved by the masses. According to the production practice in our district for several years, the main cultivation techniques are as follows:
First, timely nursery
1. Choose fine varieties: choose high quality and high quality apple onion.
2. Site selection: Choose a plastic greenhouse for seedling cultivation with flat terrain, fertile soil and no high-rise buildings around.
3. Nursery: The time for raising seedlings is around March 10, and the amount of good farmhouse fertilizer per acre to be used for raising the bed soil in the shed before sowing is 1 cubic meter. Turn into the soil with rakes, and then level the bed with rakes. At the same time, sifting the soil outside the shed to prepare for seeding. Dry seed sowing was used for sowing. The seeds were evenly spread on the surface of the bed and then covered with soil to a thickness of 1 cm. After the sowing is completed, the amount of mu is 7 and the water is poured through the bed soil with a watering can.
4, nursery shed management
(1) Temperature management: The temperature in the shed is maintained at a high temperature during onion emergence. It is maintained at around 25°C during the day and 15°C during the night. The temperature is too low and 2-3 layers of agricultural film are used to cover the temperature. After the emergence, the temperature in the shed is maintained at 18-25°C during the day and 15°C during the night. In April, the external temperature gradually increases. When the temperature in the shed exceeds 28°C, a small amount of air can be released. Days and days, all the edges of the membrane were uncovered, and the seedlings were trained. During the hardening period, the seedlings were cold and chilled at night. The membranes could be put down in time and compacted and insulated with soil.
(2) Humidity management: Before seeding and planting, bed soil is generally not watered, and after seedling emergence, the condition of bed soil moisture and water requirement of round onion seedlings can be used, and small water can be poured at a suitable time to prevent flood irrigation. In order to avoid causing seedlings leggy.
(3) Top-dressing, onion seedlings in the growth process, found that the seedlings grow slowly, the leaf color is light green, when the defertilizer performs fertilizer, the method is to spray the plants with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2% concentration, 10 times a day , spray two times to promote growth.
Second, the election, site preparation
1. The selection of land, the selection of plots for the cultivation of green onions is very important, and the key to high yield is to select the best flat terrain, fertile soil, able to drain, corn borers and potatoes that can be filled.
2. Soil preparation and soil preparation methods are mainly based on autumn soil preparation. When high-quality chicken manure is used for 2,000 kg in the Mushi planting at the same time, the surface of the ploughing layer is leveled. Before planting, the soil is made in the direction of planting. The width of the face is 1 meter. The distance between the skull and the skull is 30 centimeters. The length of the skull is the same as the length of the skull.
Third, when planting and planting, in order to ensure the survival, it is necessary to continuously raise seedlings, buckle membranes, planting lotus root, and watering.
1, planting time, when the onion seedlings grow 3-4 true leaves, the length of 15 cm on April 25 to start planting colonization. When raising the seedlings, dig the seedlings with a flat file, shake the soil with your hands, and select the strong seedlings for planting.
2. Covering the mulch, the mulch adopts black mulch, which can increase the soil temperature, and the width of the mulching film is 1.1 meters. Before the hoe is planted, the mulching film is manually tightened to cover the surface of the mulberry, and then the soil is pressed on the rim. Laminator operation can also be used. This work is done before planting.
3. After planting, after the mulching is over, plant the pods immediately. When planting the pods, plant the pods in the middle of the gingival sulcus in the middle of the sulcus and prick the eyes with a transplanting tip. Each row has 7 rows and the spacing is 15 cm. The depth is 5-6 cm, and the planting is done by the side of the plant. After the planting, the membrane is sealed with the soil, and the seedlings are maintained between 18,000 and 20,000 plants per mu.
4, watering, round onion seedlings planted in a timely manner with a watering can spray seedlings seedlings, seedlings to ensure the water demand.
5. Spraying off the seedlings, in order to eliminate the weeds under the membrane, artificially spray 33% of Shitian herbicide before buttoning. The soil was closed to eliminate weeds. The amount of fertilizer per acre was 33%.
6, increase chemical fertilizer, soil preparation, but also in the plough layer to apply a certain amount of chemical fertilizer to promote seedling growth, mu urea is 10 kg, potassium sulfate is 10 kg, 25 kg of diammonium phosphate.
Fourth, field management field management is good or bad, directly affect the production of onion. Must pay close attention. Focus on the following areas:
1, water supply, round onion seedlings during the growth process is very sensitive to the requirements of the water, the growth period can not be short of water. Otherwise, the growth will be out of tune. The first method of water supply is to use sprinkler irrigation, the second is to use Xiaobailonggou irrigation, and the third is to water the weak green onion seedlings with a watering can.
2, foliar spray fertilizer, in order to promote the growth of round onion seedlings, can be used in different growing season on the onion seedlings foliar spray fertilizer, the method is to use 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate spray onion seedlings, 10 days 1 time, 2 Can be the second.
3, prevention and control of pests and diseases, round onion seedlings in the growth process, will suffer a lot of pests and diseases, affecting yield and quality, reduce economic benefits, we must do a good job of prevention and control in order to achieve high yields. At present, the main diseases of green onions are downy mildew, purple spot and epidemic disease. The use of drugs for the Ke Lu 500 times liquid, antiviral 500 times liquid, chlorothalonil 500 times liquid. Spray from June to July, once a day for 10 days. Insect pests have onion leaf fly, when found to be infestation, 800 times liquid killing and killing control, 10 times a day.
4, onion management, when the onion grows to a diameter of 2-3 cm in a timely manner from under the film, prompting rapid growth of onion.
5. Eliminate weeds. When the weeds grow in the ditch between the clams and clams, we can eradicate them in a timely manner.
V. Harvesting, drying, and custody When the onion sprouts, the stems turn yellow, the leaves dry, and the onion skins are timely harvested when they age. The time is August 28th. When harvesting the onion, harvesting and returning to the fields for drying. When the stems are completely dry, cut them with scissors, shake the roots of the soil, and store or sell them in bags, as they can be sold before freezing. Stored in the warehouse.
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