The diamondback moth, *Plutella xylostella*, can be managed through a combination of physical, biological, and chemical methods. In terms of physical control, adult moths are highly attracted to light. Therefore, installing black lights every 10 acres can effectively trap and reduce their population. For biological control, bacterial insecticides like *Bacillus thuringiensis* (Bt) are widely used, as they target the larvae and cause significant mortality. When it comes to chemical control, several options are available: 25% or 30% diflubenzuron (formulations No. 1 or No. 3) diluted 500–1000 times, 50% diazinon EC at 1500 times, 5% Titanop EC at 2000 times, and 5% emulsifiable concentrate sprayed at 2000 times. Spraying should begin early in the infestation cycle, focusing on the underside of leaves and new growth. It is recommended to spray every 5–7 days for 3–5 applications to ensure effective control.
For *Spodoptera exigua*, also known as the beet armyworm, physical control methods include using frequency vibration lamps to attract and kill adults. Chemical control is most effective when applied during the larval stage, particularly during the egg hatching period and the first instar peak. A 15% suspension concentrate can be used at 2000–3000 times dilution. Spraying must be thorough, ensuring full coverage of the plant, especially the underside of leaves and the heart of the plant. Due to the potential for resistance, it's important to rotate insecticides regularly. The beet armyworm is active at night, so spraying should be done in the evening. During hot and dry periods, increasing water supply helps manage their population more effectively.
In addition to physical traps such as frequency vibration lamps, sex
Pheromone lures, black lights, or sweet and sour pots, chemical treatments can also be applied in the evening. Suitable options include 5% Ruijin Special at 1500–2000 times dilution, 10% chlorantraniliprole at 1000–1500 times, 15% emulsifiable concentrate at 5000 times, and 5% emulsifiable concentrate at 1000–1500 times. These sprays should be applied evenly to ensure maximum efficacy.
Biological control for cabbage caterpillars involves the use of bacterial insecticides such as Bt and Chlorella strain No. 6, typically applied at 500–800 times dilution. For chemical control, 2.5% emulsifiable concentrate can be used at 2000 times, while 5% Ruijin Special is effective at 2500 times. Diflubenzuron formulations (20% or 25%) can also be applied at 500–1000 times. However, these products tend to work slowly, killing larvae during their molting stages. Therefore, early application is crucial to prevent large-scale damage. Consistent monitoring and timely intervention are key to successful pest management.
Pheromone
Pheromone is a collective name for compounds that play a role in chemical communication between organisms, and which is the chemical molecular language of insect communication. Including sex pheromone, collection pheromone, alert pheromone, tracking pheromone, altruin, altruin, synergistic pheromone, evacuation pheromone. Pheromones are chemical substances that interact with each other and can affect each other's behavior, habits, and even development and physiological activities. Pheromone is produced by the glands in the body and is directly discharged to the outside. The pheromone is transmitted to other individuals by means of air, water and other conductive media. Pheromones are found in lower animals and higher mammals. Because the pheromone is transmitted by the external environment, it is also called pheromone. Chemical substances that interact between different species are called interspecies pheromones or heteropheres.
Insect pheromones are compounds used by insects to represent various information such as aggregation, foraging, mating, and alerting. They are the chemical molecular language of insect communication. At present, the basic control measures for pests in agricultural production mainly rely on chemical pesticides, but the long-term uncontrolled use of chemical pesticides has brought many side effects. The first is the emergence of pest resistance, which causes the use of drugs and drug concentrations to increase, the cost increases year by year, and the prevention and control of increasingly difficult; the second is to disrupt the ecological balance, while controlling a large number of natural enemies were killed, causing the pupae of secondary pests; Third, it pollutes the environment. A large amount of pesticides remain in crops, soils, rivers, lakes, and seas, and they are enriched in the human body through the form of food chain, causing another harm to humanity. Therefore, relevant research departments in many countries are currently working hard to explore and study new approaches and technologies for pest control. These studies include: the development of new, efficient, environmentally friendly, low-toxic, low-residue chemical pesticides; natural enemy insects and microorganisms The use of pesticides; insect sterilization technology and the application of insect hormones; among them, the research on the use of insect hormones, especially insect sex pheromones for pest control, is receiving increasing attention and attention.
Research on insect pheromone has been developing rapidly. Since the first insect pheromone Bombykol, has been isolated and identified, more than 2,000 insect pheromones and their analogs have been identified and synthesized worldwide, of which more than 100 insect pheromone To achieve commercial production, the production and research of Lepidoptera sex pheromones is the most extensive and comprehensive.
Insect communication, Including Sex pheromone, Collection pheromone,Alert pheromone, Tracking pheromone
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