To raise beef cattle, we must first understand what nutrients it needs. The six essential nutrients for beef cattle are introduced as follows:
Protein proteins are indispensable for the maintenance, growth and reproduction of beef cattle. In the process of beef cattle growth, growth, milk production, etc., each part of the organization must continue to use the protein to grow, repair and update; semen production, production of sperm and eggs, milk secretion require protein. Protein in cattle can also be transformed into calories like carbohydrates and fats for cattle to meet the needs of life and growth of meat, skin and hair. Carbohydrates and fats cannot replace the function of proteins. Therefore, protein is the most important nutrient, and it is also a nutrient that cattle are easily lacking.
Carbohydrates in carbohydrate feeds are the main source of energy for beef cattle. After it enters the cattle body, it is burned (oxidized) and turns into heat. It becomes the energy for the beef cattle to breathe, exercise, digest, absorb and maintain body temperature and other life activities. The remaining part of the carbohydrates will be converted into fat in the cattle body and stored as energy reserves for use in starvation. Carbohydrates cannot be converted into proteins in cattle. If the supply of carbohydrate feed is insufficient, the fat stored in the cattle will be passively used to meet the energy needs of the cattle.
All organs and tissues of fat cattle contain fat. The effect of fat on cattle is the best form of supply of energy and stored energy in the body; the second is the solvent of fat-soluble vitamins. Fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and carotene must be transported using fat as a solvent. When fat is lacking, it can affect the absorption and utilization of such vitamins.
In addition, yak's lack of fat will slow its growth and development, and the digestive system will be stunted. However, fatty acids are widely contained in feeds and forages, so they are generally not lacking.
Calcium and phosphorus in calcium and phosphorus bovines are the main components of the skeleton. Large amounts of calcium and phosphorus are required for the growth and development of cattle from the fetus. In particular, lactating cows and cows in the last two months of pregnancy require more calcium and phosphorus.
When calcium and phosphorus are lacking, the early symptoms are decreased appetite, like eating dirt, bricks, wood, etc.; cows and cows often eat fur and bite their ears; the rate of weight gain slows down, and milk yield decreases; If the long-term calcium deficiency, phosphorus or calcium, phosphorus ratio is not appropriate, cattle slowly thin, growth stopped, abnormal development or heat, estrus repeated with infertility, can cause claudication, pregnant or breast-feeding cows, prone to fracture Wait.
Salt is both a seasoning and a nutrient. It can improve feed palatability, increase appetite, help digestion, improve feed utilization, and is one of the indispensable mineral supplement feeds for cattle.
When cattle lack salt, they are thirsty for salt, eating salty foreign bodies, loss of appetite, rough hair, dull eyes, slow growth, and decreased body weight and milk production.
The amount of salt recharge is generally: If you do not feed concentrate, you can add it to drinking water alone, 20 to 50 grams per day; beef cattle can be added by 0.25% of the compound feed.
Insufficient drinking of water, beef and cattle will directly affect weight gain. Long-term water shortage will endanger life.
General meaty calves consume one kilogram of dry matter water for 5.4-7.4 kilograms; young cattle and adult cattle require water of 3~3.5 kilograms per kilogram of dry matter when the temperature is below 10 degrees Celsius; fattening cattle When using compound feed as the main ingredient, raising cattle aged less than 24 months requires about 30 kg of water per day in summer and autumn.
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