Asparagus is typically grown in nurseries during the spring, as it can be transplanted in the summer following early spring cultivation. After proper field management throughout the summer and autumn of that year, the plants are ready for harvest in the second year—a practice commonly referred to as "seeing benefits in one year." Advocating for an autumn nursery offers several advantages: seedlings can grow for over two months before naturally going dormant in the seedbeds. Once the ground thaws in early spring, the roots of these well-established plants can be carefully dug up and transplanted into the field, resulting in a near 100% survival rate. These seedlings have a more developed root system and enjoy a longer growing season in the field compared to those planted in spring or summer. Their growth period is extended by 2–3 months, leading to significantly higher yields the following year.
Seeds harvested in the same year must undergo a dormancy-breaking treatment before being nursed in August. In regions such as the Yellow River and Huaihe River valleys, seeds can be directly sown on open land before September 10th. For planting after October 1st, a small arch shelter is necessary to protect the young plants. When growing white asparagus, varieties like “Shengfeng†and “Prince of Asparagus†are recommended, while for green asparagus, “Champion†and other high-quality hybrids are ideal choices.
Seed treatment is crucial due to the thick and hard outer layer of asparagus seeds, which makes water absorption difficult. Before sowing, seeds should first be rinsed with clean water. Then, they should be soaked in well water for two days, followed by placing them in a damp towel to encourage germination. The seeds should be rinsed twice daily to prevent rotting. Sowing can begin once about 10% of the seeds show white sprouts.
For sowing, select fertile sandy loam soil. Use 50 grams of seeds per 20 square meters. First, water the seedbed thoroughly, then mark lines at 10 cm intervals. Place individual seeds in the center and cover them with 2 cm of fine soil. If the temperature is high, you can sprinkle wheat straw or grass on top to keep the soil cool and moist. To prevent underground pests, you can also scatter some insecticide or natural repellents on the surface.
After sowing, small sheds (90–120 cm wide and 50 cm tall) can be used to cover the seedlings. This helps extend the growing period and provides better protection against winter damage. The optimal temperature inside the shed is 25–30°C during the day and 15–18°C at night. If the temperature rises above 32°C, ventilation should be opened at both ends of the shed to avoid overheating.
Asparagus seedlings grown in the fall will develop stems that reach about 30 cm in height before winter. Once winter arrives, growth stops, and the above-ground parts dry out. Before the ground freezes, a light watering is done to ensure the roots remain hydrated. If no protective structures are in place, a layer of soil-fertilizer mix or wheat straw should be spread over the seedlings for insulation. By the time the ground thaws the following year, the plants can be safely transplanted into the field, ensuring strong establishment and healthy growth.
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