Asparagus cultivation is often more successful when started in the fall, as it allows for a longer growth period before transplanting in the summer. This method enables the seedlings to develop for over two months before naturally going dormant during the winter. By early spring, when the soil thaws, the roots can be carefully dug up and transplanted into the field, resulting in a nearly 100% survival rate. These transplanted seedlings have a well-developed root system and enjoy a longer growing season—typically 2 to 3 months more than those planted directly in spring. As a result, their yield in the following year is significantly higher.
For optimal results, seeds harvested in the same year should undergo dormancy-breaking treatment before being sown in August. In regions along the Yellow River and Huaihe River valleys, planting can begin directly on open land before September 10th. However, if planting occurs after October 1st, a small arch shelter is necessary to protect the young plants from cold temperatures.
When selecting varieties, white asparagus is best suited with "Shengfeng" or "Prince of Asparagus," while green asparagus thrives with high-quality hybrids like "Champion."
Seed preparation is crucial due to the thick and hard outer layer of asparagus seeds, which makes water absorption difficult. To promote germination, the seeds must first be rinsed thoroughly with clean water. Then, they are soaked in well water for two days. Afterward, they are wrapped in a damp cloth and kept moist, with the seeds being rinsed twice daily to prevent rotting. Sowing can begin once about 10% of the seeds show white sprouts.
For sowing, choose well-drained sandy loam soil. Use approximately 50 grams of seeds per 20 square meters. First, water the bed thoroughly, then mark lines at 10 cm intervals. Place each seed in the center and cover it with 2 cm of fine soil. If the temperature is high, you can place wheat straw or grass on top to provide shade and help retain moisture. To prevent underground pests, scatter some insecticides or natural repellents on the surface.
After sowing, cover the seedlings with small sheds (90-120 cm wide and 50 cm tall) to extend the growing period and ensure safe overwintering. The ideal daytime temperature inside the shed is 25–30°C, while nighttime temperatures should remain between 15–18°C. If the temperature rises above 32°C, make sure to ventilate the ends of the shed promptly.
Fall-grown asparagus seedlings typically grow to about 30 cm above ground before winter sets in. At this point, their growth stops, and the stems dry out. Before freezing, water them thoroughly to keep the soil moist. If no protective structures are used, cover the seedlings with a layer of soil-fertilizer mix or straw to shield them from harsh weather. Once the soil thaws in the following spring, the seedlings can be transplanted into the field and will establish themselves quickly.
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