With the rapid expansion of mushroom cultivation and the increasing scale of production, the threat posed by pests and diseases has become more severe. In response to these challenges, scientists and technicians have developed a range of advanced prevention and control technologies and products tailored to the needs of edible fungus farming. These innovations have significantly improved both the yield and quality of mushroom production.
One of the key approaches is the use of soft technologies. The first is the "Eruption Mushroom Technology," which focuses on four main aspects: bacterial detoxification, thorough disinfection of mushroom houses and the surrounding environment, proper nutrient base preparation, and strengthening hyphal growth after maturation. This technology is highly efficient, easy to implement, and offers high economic returns, making it a popular choice among growers.
Another innovative method is the "1+1>2 Technology." This involves using two separate mushroom houses—one for bacterial propagation and the other for fruiting. By alternating between the two, farmers can achieve up to eight harvests per year, significantly boosting production efficiency by 4 to 6 times.
In addition to soft technologies, several specialized products have been developed to address common fungal and bacterial issues. One such product is "All Sick Silly," a powerful fungicide designed to combat diseases like rot and brown spot. It is effective with minimal side effects on the mushroom mycelium. When used properly, it can be applied once or twice depending on the severity of the infection.
Another important product is "Mushroom Disease Elimination," which helps prevent contamination during the cultivation process. By incorporating specific spices into the growing medium, it reduces the risk of pollution and controls diseases that may occur later in the growth cycle.
"Killer King" is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent used to eliminate various pathogens. Depending on the type of mold, it can be applied through injection, direct application, or spraying. It is particularly effective in treating severe infections and can also be used to disinfect entire mushroom houses.
"Security Success" is another breakthrough product, specifically designed for seed production and clinker cultivation. It overcomes the limitations of traditional medicines, offering high resistance to heat and stability. With a success rate of 95% to 98%, it is considered one of the most effective and environmentally friendly solutions in the industry.
The "Three-Dimensional Prime" is a nutrient pheromone that enhances the health and resilience of mushroom mycelium. When mixed and sprayed, it increases productivity by up to 50% while reducing contamination and improving the commercial value of the final product.
"Without a Trace" is a preventive medication that targets various bacterial and fungal contaminants. It works by penetrating bacterial cells, deactivating them, and preventing the development of resistance. Its overall effectiveness is around 95%.
"Spray Spirit" is an effective treatment for a variety of mushroom diseases, including Pleurotus ostreatus disease, browning, and brown rot. It can be applied directly to the mushrooms or the growing substrate, with 1–3 applications recommended based on the severity of the condition.
"Kill the Disease Spirit" is a dual-purpose product that prevents and treats multiple diseases. It can be used alternately without leaving any residue, ensuring long-term protection. For diseases like brown rot, yellow-brown disease, and others, it achieves a cure rate of about 90%.
In addition to these technologies, new edible fungi varieties are being cultivated. The "Large Glass Umbrella," "Long-Rooted Mushroom," and "Abalone Mushroom" are three unique species developed by the Beijing Academy of Agricultural Sciences. After years of indoor trials, they were successfully demonstrated in the Tongzhou area this year, showing promising results.
The Large Glass Umbrella, also known as the pork belly mushroom, has a crisp texture and a flavor similar to bamboo shoots. It grows in clusters, with large caps ranging from 10 to 20 cm in diameter and can be harvested 3–4 times.
The Long-Rooted Mushroom, or Aode Mushroom, is rich in amino acids and has a delicate, crispy texture. Its cap size ranges from 7 to 15 cm, and it can be harvested 2–3 times.
The Abalone Mushroom, also called the black king oyster mushroom, has a firm, brittle texture and a strong aroma. It is ideal for fresh sales and can be harvested 3–4 times, with a cap size up to 25 cm.
These advancements and new varieties are helping to shape the future of mushroom cultivation, making it more efficient, sustainable, and profitable.
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