Thianthone, also known by trade names such as Nissoline, Vicpalong, Egg Ban, and Nicole Long, is a widely used acaricide in agricultural pest management. It is available in common formulations like 5% thiazolyl ketone EC (emulsifiable concentrate) and 5% thiazolyl WP (wettable powder). Currently, more than ten companies are registered with the Ministry of Agriculture's Institute of Drug Control, including Jiangsu Kesheng Group Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Gengben Pesticide Chemical Co., Ltd., and Zhejiang Huzhou Rongsheng Pesticide Chemical Co., Ltd.
As a thiazolidine-based acaricide, Thianthone exhibits low toxicity to warm-blooded animals and does not irritate rabbit eyes or skin. It is relatively safe for aquatic organisms and shows high efficacy against eggs, larvae, and nymphs of herbivorous mites. However, it has lower activity against adult fleas, though it remains effective against eggs laid by treated females. Its insecticidal action is slow but provides long-lasting control, lasting up to 50–60 days. The compound is not absorbed systemically by plants but penetrates leaves effectively, making it less affected by rainfall. It is non-toxic to predatory mites and beneficial insects, and it is considered safe for honey bees at normal application rates, which makes it a preferred choice in integrated pest management strategies. Additionally, it does not develop cross-resistance with thiazolone, nor does it show resistance to organophosphate acaricides, dicofol, or phenylhydrazones.
Although Thianthone has some toxic effects on larvae and quail eggs, it does not kill them directly. Its effective period lasts about 50 days, though its immediate control effect may only last around 10 days after application. For controlling leafhoppers (such as red spider mites) on vegetables like eggplant, peppers, and beans, it is recommended to use 5% EC or wettable powder diluted 1500–2000 times. It can be mixed with Bordeaux mixture or lime sulfur. In cases of heavy infestations, it can be combined with other acaricides that target larvae.
When applied at concentrations of 30–50 mg/L, Thianthone is effective against various mite species affecting crops such as cotton, fruits, vegetables, and tea, including cotton leafhoppers, scorpion mites, orange mites, turnip mites, and red leafhoppers. However, it is not effective against rice mites. Therefore, in fields with large populations of rice mites, it should be combined with miticides when applying to fast-growing vegetables, cotton, and ornamental plants. It is also compatible with alkaline substances and can be mixed with dichlorvos, Bordeaux mixture, and lime sulfur for enhanced pest control.
Bifidobacterium adolescentis is one of the most abundant bifidobacterial species in the human large intestine, and is prevalent in 60-80% of healthy human adults with cell densities ranging from 109-1010 cells/g of faeces. Lower abundance is found in children and in elderly individuals. The species is evolutionary adapted to fermenting plant-derived glycans and is equipped with an extensive sugar transporter and degradation enzymes repertoire. Consequently, the species is strongly affected by dietary carbohydrates and is able to utilize a wide range of prebiotic molecules. B. adolescentis is specialized in metabolizing resistant starch and is considered a primary starch degrader enabling growth of other beneficial bacteria by cross-feeding. The major metabolic output is acetate and lactate in a ratio of 3:2. Several health-beneficial properties have been demonstrated in certain strains of B. adolescentis in vitro and in rodent models, including enhancement of the intestinal barrier function, anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory effects, and the production of neurotransmitters (GABA), and vitamins. Although causalities have not been established, reduced abundance of B. adolescentis as part of a dysbiotic colonic microbiota in human observational studies has been associated with inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, coeliac disease, cystic fibrosis, Helicobacter pylori infection, type 1 and 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and certain allergies. It is therefore reasonable to conceive B. adolescentis as a health-associated, or even health-promoting bacterial species in humans.
Bifidobacterium Adolesentis
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