Nutria feeding and management should be tailored to local conditions to ensure optimal growth and reproduction. During summer, a male nutria requires 500 grams of green feed daily, 1 gram of root tuber, 100 grams of concentrate feed, 250 grams of twigs, 10 grams of meat and bone meal, and 0.5 grams of salt. In winter, the diet changes slightly: 150 grams of hay, 150 grams of tuber roots, 120 grams of concentrate feed, 500 grams of branches, 10 grams of meat and bone meal, and 0.5 grams of salt. Female nutrias, especially those that are pregnant or nursing, require more nutrients. Nursing females and those that become pregnant again should have their green feed increased by 25% and concentrate feed by 10%. Additionally, a small amount of bone powder should be added to their diet to prevent rickets.
The nutria enclosure is divided into three main sections. The first is a pool measuring 1 meter in length, 1.5 meters in width, and 0.5 to 1 meter in depth. It includes steps for easy access. In the center, there is a 1.5-meter square shelter made of wire mesh or bricks, with smooth inner walls to prevent escape. At the end of the structure is a small chamber (or "lung") measuring 0.5 meters in length and 1 meter in width. The top is covered with a flap, while the floor is constructed from wire or wood, raised about 5 centimeters above the ground for easier cleaning. This setup allows for housing a female nutria with her young or a single male.
In captivity, it is common to keep 25 female nutrias with two or three males. Once females become pregnant, they should be separated to reduce the risk of miscarriage. The enclosure should include pools, simple nesting holes, and shaded areas. For loose feeding, regions south of the Yangtze River in China are ideal due to the abundance of natural food sources and suitable water bodies. When selecting a location for free-range rearing, it's essential to choose an area rich in nutria-friendly vegetation, with access to a lake or small river. The site should have stable temperatures, good ventilation, natural barriers, convenient transportation, and strong disease prevention measures. Infrastructure for management and production must also be in place to support long-term success.
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