To ensure high-quality apple production, proper orchard management is essential. First, winter pruning should be done effectively to promote good air circulation and light penetration. This involves arranging large, medium, and small branch groups in a balanced manner, ensuring that both vegetative and fruit-bearing branches are properly distributed. It's also important to maintain a reasonable configuration between upper and lower branch groups for optimal growth.
Second, fruit thinning must be strictly controlled. Following the principle of a 3:1 fruit-to-leaf ratio or spacing fruits 25–30 cm apart, it's crucial to remove excess fruits. The recommended fruit load per acre is around 2,500–3,000 kg, which helps prevent overloading and ensures better fruit size and quality.
Third, effective pest and disease control is vital. In addition to treating common issues like apple ringworm, rot, anthracnose, mold heart, peach borer, pear leaf spot borer, red and white spider mites, and leaf miners, regular monitoring and timely intervention are necessary to protect the crop.
Fourth, proper fertilization and irrigation are key to successful apple cultivation. Focus on critical watering stages such as bud break, cell division (first fruit expansion), and fruit enlargement (second expansion), as well as pre-freeze water. Fertilization should prioritize organic sources, with a balanced use of NPK and trace elements. Apply 2–3 cubic meters of organic fertilizer per acre, along with 100–150 kg of NPK and 10 kg of micronutrients.
Fifth, maintaining a balanced nutrient supply is important to prevent calcium deficiency, which can lead to black spot disease. After spraying, apply ammoniacal calcium or quick-acting calcium 3–4 times every two weeks. Mixing chemical fertilizers with organic ones reduces nutrient fixation and antagonism. Also, reduce nitrogen application to avoid excessive vegetative growth.
Sixth, selecting high-quality fruit bags is crucial. Use breathable, durable, and corrosion-resistant bags from reputable manufacturers like Baoji, Yangyang, or others known for their reliability.
Seventh, follow the correct bagging technique. Bag fruits in the lower canopy, avoiding the upper parts. Choose branches with fruit, especially those that are oblique or drooping, and avoid direct sunlight areas. Use scattered light conditions for better fruit development.
Eighth, timing is important for bagging. Begin when young fruits reach 2–3 mm in diameter. Before bagging, spray the entire orchard to control pests and diseases, then bag once the solution has dried. If rain occurs after bagging, reapply the treatment.
Ninth, select only healthy fruits for bagging—avoid those that are tilted, drooping, piled up, or have surface injuries.
Tenth, choose safe and environmentally friendly pesticides. Opt for green alternatives like lime sulfur, carbendazim, or other certified products from reliable manufacturers. Always follow label instructions to ensure both plant and environmental safety.
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