Compared with ordinary apples, spur-type apples have the following characteristics in terms of growth results:
(1) Dwarf trees, planting densities of large and short branches, short trees, compact crowns. The tree height of mature trees is generally only about 3.0 meters and the diameter of the crown is 3.0 to 3.5 meters, which is about 4/5 and 2/3 of the common type. It is equivalent to the middle of the nutrient rootstocks M7 and MM106. The size of the anvil's apple tree; 825 to 1335 plants per hectare, equivalent to 2 to 3 times the number of common apple plants.
(2) Stand upright in the tree, the main branch opens small angle and short branch type apple, mostly upright type, such as yanqing, smoke red, new red star, etc., the main base angle is mostly 35 to 45 degrees, and the opening type is less. Therefore, when pruning, you should pay attention to support, pull, drop and other methods to open the main branch angle.
(3) The germination rate of the short-branched apple with high germination rate and low branching efficiency is generally above 70%. For example, the content of tobacco is 74%, which is 19.4% higher than that of green banana; 71.8% of tobacco is red, The red banana is 6.5% high; 79.4% is a good dwarf, 17.3% higher than the red banana.
The buds of the spur-type apple can germinate in the year they were formed. When seedlings and saplings were planted in the year, it was easy to draw secondary shoots. This was a pruning in the summer, shaping in the garden, rapid expansion of the canopy and early results, etc. Very favorable.
The branching power of short-stemmed apple was low. After one-year-old branches were short-cut, the average number of long-branched branches per branch was 1.5. 8, only 64% of the green banana; 2.1 smoke red, only 65 of the red banana. 6%. However, the short branches of short-stemmed apple are more, and the short-stem coefficient is generally above 50. According to the survey, a 4-year-old sapling of young tobacco leaves has a short branch rate of 91. 8%, short branch coefficient as high as 65, 91.7% higher than the green banana; 2 years old branches, the average short branch of 30 per meter. 3, for the green banana 1. 8 times; long branches only account for 4. 9%, 71% of green bananas; 13 years of smoke red, short branches 90.5%, long branches 2.6%, long branch amount of 40% of red bananas. Therefore, young short-stemmed apple trees should be properly recut to promote branching in order to increase the amount of whole branches, which will facilitate the cultivation of fruiting branches and high yield, stability and yield.
(4) The result of flowering tends to result in early and short branches of apple trees, and flower buds are easily formed in the year, so the result is early. According to the survey, after the bud grafted seedlings (semi-formed seedlings) are planted, the results usually begin in 2 to 3 years, and all the results can be achieved in 4 years, 2 to 3 years earlier than the short-branched apple.
Short-stem-type apples are dominated by short fruit branches, and have a certain number of alfalfa flower buds; medium and long fruiting branches are less, flower buds are full, and fruit set rate is high. Citrus fruit flowering rate of 92. At 7%, the flower setting rate is also above 60%. After the beginning of the results, the output rose rapidly, and 6 to 7 years of age can enter the full fruit period, about 5 to 6 years earlier than the normal type. However, after a large number of short-stemmed apples, the growth of the tree has significantly decreased, and it is prone to the phenomenon of large and small annual results. Therefore, when pruning young pruned apple, it is necessary to pay attention to increase the amount of branches, rapid expansion of the crown, increase the photosynthesis area, to create conditions for early fruit high yield; on the other hand, after a large number of results, should strictly control the flower buds to stay The amount does not make the result excessive, prevent the size of the year.
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