According to conventional management, cucumber roots are below 10°C, grafted roots are below 3°C, and peppers and eggplants are below 14°C. Growth is affected and even freezing injury occurs. If appropriate measures are taken, cucumber roots can tolerate temperatures of 6-7°C, grafted roots can tolerate temperatures of 1°C, peppers and eggplant roots at low temperatures of 5-7°C will not be subjected to freezing damage, but if they are used for indoor freezing, It is easy to cause smoke damage and hot flash dehydration flash or freeze damage. How do you take anti-freezing measures without heating to ensure normal vegetable growth? Here are some simple and commonly used methods for reference.
I. Nutritional seedlings
The black plastic nutrient has the function of absorbing heat during the day and protecting the roots at night. In the Yangshuo, plastic nutrition seedlings are placed. When the external temperature is about -10°C, the temperature in the bowl is 6-7°C, and the temperature in the bowl is 10°C. Around, the seedlings can grow slowly, free from frost damage.
Second, cultivation of hot nutrition soil
Chicken manure is hot feces, cow dung is a mucus-rich, breathable manure, 20% each when decomposed, and 60% mixed with Yangyang. This nutrient soil has good heat-absorption and heat-generating properties. The seedlings have a good ecological environment and the number of roots. Long and long, strong absorptive, naturally freeze-resistant and robust
Third, sub-seedling with rooting agent
The rooting element is reasonably formulated with calcium, phosphorus, zinc and other long-root related nutrient elements. Calcium determines the thickness of the root system, phosphorus determines the number of root systems, and zinc determines the growth rate and length of the root system. After use, the root system can increase about 70%, the deep root system can increase 25%, and the root system can be developed. The absorption capacity can be increased by about 70%. Lack of water deficiency causes poor cold resistance and frostbite.
Fourth, the foot water insulation antifreeze
The specific heat of water is higher than that of air, and the heat dissipation is slow. In winter, the indoor soil moisture content is moderate, the pores of the cultivation layer are finely cracked, the root system is not suspended, the soil is kept warm, and the root system is free from freezing damage. Therefore, seedlings are mostly due to lack of water due to frost damage. For this purpose, pouring sufficient water before winter or selecting good weather (water can be watered above 20°C) can prevent freezing.
Fifth, the cultivator insulation cold
The ground panel knots, during the day when the hot gas enters the tillage layer is limited, the soil heat storage is small, and the cracks in the compacted soil are large and deep, the granule structure is poor, the former night is easy to lose heat, and the lower temperature at the latter part of the night is easy to cause freezing damage. Shallow cultivator can break the ground cracks, not only can control the transpiration of groundwater to take away heat energy, but also can save heat and protect seedlings.
Six, foliar spray nutrient cold
Cold winters, low temperatures, weak light, weak root absorption capacity, and sprayed photosynthetic fertilizers on leaves, can compensate for the lack of nutrients caused by insufficient nutrients in the root system. Foliar sprayed rice vinegar can inhibit bacteria and insects, and mixed with sugar and superphosphate, can increase the degree of sugar and hardness of mesophyll, and improve cold resistance. After freezing damage, the leaf surface is basically atrophic, and vinegar can relieve the damage. It is recommended to use 100-300 times liquid. Use less or no growth hormones to prevent cold resistance.
Seventh, sunny days repeatedly release the wind
The ambient temperature of the standard greenhouse with good performance is about -10°C, and the maximum indoor temperature in sunny winter morning can reach above 32°C. Many people think that this is the best time for long-term freezing and long-term warming, and should not be let off. In fact, it should be repeated at this time, so that the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor to pull small, close to the room temperature a few days ago, so that the plants slowly adapt to the environment, robust growth, beware of a long day, ten days cold, causing flash seedlings and frost damage.
Eight, add carbon dioxide
The ratio of carbon and ammonia production to crops is 1:1, and the ratio of crops to carbon and nitrogen is 30:1. At present, most farmers have realized the effect of nitrogen production, but they have neglected the effect of increasing carbon production. In the winter, vegetables in the greenhouse tend to grow yellow. After the sun comes out, carbon dioxide produced by night crop respiration and soil microbial decomposition can be absorbed at 1 hour, and carbon starvation can occur at around 12 o'clock. When the temperature is high, the greenhouse film can be opened and closed and put into the outside world. Carbon dioxide increases resistance and yield. Closing the greenhouse when the temperature is low, artificially supplementing carbon dioxide, can increase the cold resistance of the crop; significantly increase production.
Nine, timely cover insulation
The general wall thickness is 1m. During the day, it absorbs heat and stores temperature. The energy released in the evening accounts for 50%-60% of the indoor total. The amount of heat absorbed by the soil accounts for 20%-30%, and the space heat storage accounts for 20%-30%. According to the temperature in winter and the day, the temperature is covered. 1h at room temperature may be maintained at about 18 °C, higher than 18 °C can be covered later, if less than 18 °C, it will be covered earlier.
Tenth, rear wall hanging reflective film heating
The winter production of greenhouse vegetables is not afraid of cold, fear of light, fear of even cloudy days. Therefore, before and after the winter solstice, a plastic film reflecting on the back wall can increase the light intensity of the cultivation bed, and at the same time, slowly release the heat energy stored in the wall in the room, so as to maintain a higher temperature in the middle of the night to prevent freezing and damage of the seedlings.
XI cover multi-layer insulation
In the standard greenhouse, seedlings were planted, covered with membranes on the mattresses, and supported by a small arch at a height of 1m. At night, they were located 20cm away from the outside of the small arch or inside the shed, and covered with a thin film. The seedlings could be grown without heating. After planting, the ground ridges are covered with plastic film to control the temperature and humidity, but do not seal the ground, leaving 15-20cm, so that the heat energy stored in the soil during the day, at night, slowly radiate towards the space through no rigorous, so that the morning 5-7 The minimum temperature can be increased by 1-2°C, cover a layer of film outside the grasshopper, or support a film at the film 20cm to form an insulation layer, which can increase the room temperature by 1-3°C.
Twelve, choose rice straw
The heat conductivity of rice straw is lower than the thermal conductivity of cotton seedlings, and it is good for protection of the cold in defense. Combined with the soft and dense texture of rice straw, it can reduce conduction heat loss and the indoor minimum temperature can be increased by 2-3°C at night.
Thirteen, electric light to increase temperature
Install the lamp, turn on the light in the morning and evening on the cloudy day and add light to the vegetables for 3-4 hours. Together with the sun, it will cause 15-18 hours of light every day. Turn off the light for 6-8 hours every night to let it darken and increase the output by 10% - 40% to shorten the vegetative growth period of 17-21 days.
Fourteen, use purple film
In winter solar spectrum, ultraviolet ray accounts for only about 5% of summer, white film can only penetrate 57%, can not pass ultraviolet ray, and purple film can pass 88%. Ultraviolet spectrum can suppress bactericidal, control leggy and promote product accumulation. , the choice of purple film temperature before and after the winter solstice 2-3 °C higher than the green film.
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