How to choose rootstock should be a big problem in the other accounts. Today, based on previous research results, we systematically summarize the principles of rootstock selection and put forward some suggestions for each region:
The significance of choosing stock
Why should we choose rootstocks, because China's viticulture environment is very diversified, from Liaoning to Guangdong can be grape production, some places are relatively dry, such as Xinjiang, there are places rich in rain, such as Guangdong, some places are cold, such as northeast, north, northwest production In some areas, there is a lot of summer heat, such as Yunnan, but the grape varieties themselves are not very tolerant and need to be improved through rootstocks.
Resistance of grape rootstock varieties
The varieties of drought-resistant rootstocks: 140Ru, 1103P, 99R, 110R, 41B, etc., with medium drought resistance, such as 5BB, SO4, 3309R, 520A, 420A, 1613C, 225Ru, Salt Creek, and Rupestris du Lot. The above stocks can be used in arid and semi-arid regions in China.
Cold-resistant rootstock varieties: 5BB, 1103R, 3306C, 3309C, 5A, 110R, Shanhe 1, 2, No. 3, Beida, Hill Grapes, etc. At present, the use of cold-resistant rootstocks in China is mostly Bedad, 5BB, etc., but Beda's adaptability to soil salinization is poor, and the selection of cold-resistant rootstocks in northern China should be noted. The use of cold-resistant rootstocks in the North is more commonly known as Beda and 5BB. Bedada is less adaptable to soil salinization and should be taken into account when selecting cold-resistant rootstocks in the North.
Salt-tolerant rootstock varieties: 1616C, 1202C, 1103R, 5BB, 520A, 225Ru, Riparia Gloire. There is a large area of ​​salinized soil in the northern producing area and the Yellow River old producing area, which is suitable for the northwest region, for example, western Ningxia, Gansu, and Xinjiang. If the development of table grapes, attention should be paid to the use of the above stock.
Hot and humid rootstock varieties: 3306C, 1202C, SO4, Beida, 101-14MG, 225Ru, 520A, Salt Creek, 3309C, 41B, etc. In the southern region, for grape growing, the climate is hot, the air humidity is high, and the soil is prone to flooding and damage. Please pay attention to the use of the above-mentioned rootstock varieties. In practical applications, SO4 is generally used.
Rootstock nematode resistant rootstock varieties: 420A, SO4, 5C, 1613C, 5BB, 1103R, Dogridge, Salt Creek, Harmony, Freedom, VR039-16, etc. At present, the impact of nematode diseases on grapes is getting bigger and larger, and prevention and control are also very difficult. It has always been one of the important diseases faced by grapes. Nematodes are also important mediators of grape virus disease. Some important virus diseases that harm grapes, such as grape leaf virus, are spread by the nematode.
Anti-root nodule stocks: Rupestris St. George (Grit St. George), Glory, 420A, 5BB, SO4, 5C, 110R, 140Ru, 1103P, 3309C, 101-14MG, 1616C, 41B, and the like. At present, the harm of root nodules has been found in Shanghai, Xi'an, Shandong, Liaoning, and Hunan. Rootstocks were invented and widely used. In fact, at the very beginning, root nodules broke out in Europe. They had a devastating impact on local vineyards. They later discovered that American grapes were resistant to root nodules and introduced the rootstock of American grapes. Varieties, at the same time, have been found to improve some of the quality of the grapes. This is the beginning of the use of stocks in the world.
Anti-Vitis vinifera rootstock varieties: Shanhe 2, 3, SO4, harmony and so on.
The principle of selecting grape varieties
â— Must be based on the characteristics of the area where your vineyard is located
For example, if the south does not need drought resistance, if you choose Beida, it is obviously not appropriate. In the south, you should first select the hot and humid rootstocks, and then choose according to the amount of rainfall, soil salinity, and soiling conditions in your orchard.
â— Must be selected based on the affinity of the scion combination
Most of the rootstocks and cultivars have good grafting affinity, but some rootstocks and cultivars are far from related to each other, and they directly affect the growth and development of grafted grape varieties, and even affect the lifespan of the plants and the quality of the fruit.
The varieties of rootstock with good grafting affinity with Eurasian cultivars are: 110R, 99R, 140Ru, 1103P, 101-14MG, SO4, Beta, 5BB, 3309C, 420A and so on. The rootstock varieties that have good affinity for grafting with European and American hybrids include: Beida (but prone to feet), SO4, etc.
â— The relationship between the scion and the tree vigor must be considered
Some rootstock varieties and cultivars grafted directly affect the strength of the tree vigor. In regions where the accumulated temperature is high, growth is large, and growth time is long, such as Guangxi, Fujian, and Yunnan in southern China, root stocks that weaken the tree vigor should be used, such as 420A, 3309C, 41B, 1616C, Beida, etc. .
In regions with low annual product temperature, small growth, and short growing time, such as in the northwest and northeast regions of China, some stock varieties that promote the growth of varieties should be selected, such as 140Ru, 5BB, Salt creek, 110R, 1109P, 3306C, 99R. Wait.
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