Non-pollution Chinese cabbage summer and autumn management technology

Summer and autumn leek cultivation requires careful management to ensure healthy growth and high yield. When the leeks reach about 15 cm in height, temperatures rise and rainfall increases, which is not ideal for their development. At this stage, it's best to avoid applying fertilizer and control watering. Once the weather cools down and rain decreases, use well water that has been cooled to prevent root rot. By late August, as temperatures drop, leeks enter a period of vigorous growth, so it's important to strengthen both fertilization and irrigation. Apply bio-organic fertilizer every 10–15 days at a rate of 50 kg per 667 square meters (1 mu), or use chicken manure and other organic fertilizers like bean cake. It’s recommended to apply these three times in a row, minimizing the use of chemical fertilizers. Stop fertilizing and watering in early October to prevent leggy growth. Proper management during summer and autumn includes reapplying base fertilizer. Leeks have a "topping root" habit, so within 1–2 days after cutting, when the plants are still short, the soil should be loosened and mixed with composted organic fertilizer. Apply 15,000 kg of well-decomposed compost per 667 square meters. Using bio-organic fertilizer is ideal because it helps reduce pests, improves soil quality, and minimizes environmental impact. Spread 100 kg of bio-organic fertilizer evenly over the field, then cover with 1 cm of fine soil. Avoid watering immediately to prevent compaction. Subsequent care follows the same practices as for newly planted leeks. Pest and disease control is essential. Aphids are a major threat, especially in May, July, and October. To manage them, avoid using regular fertilizers and opt for bio-organic alternatives. Use insecticides such as 48% Difenoxin or 48% Loestnut EC, which are effective against cockroaches, wireworms, and underground pests. Apply 300–400 ml per 667 square meters with 500 liters of water, either by spraying or flooding along the rows. Biological methods, like spreading wood ash (100–200 kg per 667 square meters), can also help control pests. Wood ash is alkaline, which inhibits larvae hatching and reduces pest activity while adding potassium to the soil. During summer, leeks are prone to diseases. Spray a mixture of 50% sulfur diluted 1000 times and 50% carbendazim diluted 500 times every 10–15 days for prevention and treatment. To prevent lodging, install a support system. Place 6 stakes 30 cm high at both ends of each ridge, connect them with wires, and add additional supports every 5 meters. Place bamboo poles between the ridges in a north-south direction and secure the leaves to prevent them from falling. Harvest leek flowers (jietai) promptly after they appear. This helps conserve nutrients, promotes rhizome development, and increases winter yield. Finally, cover the leeks properly according to their dormancy cycle. Remove the leaves, clean the area, and place rammed soil near the roots. Expose the bulbs to sunlight and cold for 4–5 days, then apply 10 kg urea, 30 kg diammonium phosphate, 30 kg potassium sulfate, and organic materials like bean cake or 50 kg of bio-fertilizer per 667 square meters. Cover with 0.5–1 cm of dry soil, water thoroughly, and apply 500 ml of Shi Di Ling insecticide per 667 square meters. Finally, cover the bed with soil and insulate it using straw or grass for protection.

Peptides Products

An organic compound formed by dehydration of amino acids, containing carboxyl and amino groups, and being amphoteric. Also known as "peptide".
Two, one of the amide. It consists of two or more amino acids joined by the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of the other. An amino acid cannot be called a peptide, nor can a peptide be synthesized, but must be a compound of two or more amino acids linked by a peptide bond. Compounds where two amino acids are linked by a peptide bond are called dipeptides; A compound with three amino acids linked by peptide bonds is called a tripeptide, and so on, a compound with thirty-four amino acids linked by peptide bonds is called a thirty-four peptide.
A peptide is a chain of polymers of amino acids
A peptide is a chain of polymers of amino acids

Three, is related to the biological body of a variety of cell functions of biological active substances. Hundreds of peptides have been found in living organisms, which are essential participants in the body's complex physiological activities. All cells can synthesize peptides and their functional activities are regulated by peptides. It involves hormones, nerves, cell growth and reproductive fields, and its importance lies in the regulation of various systems, organs and cells in the body. The physiological and pharmacological effects of enzymatic polypeptides are mainly to activate related enzymes in vivo, promote the permeability of intermediate metabolic membrane, or affect specific protein synthesis by controlling DNA transcription or translation, and eventually produce specific physiological effects or play their pharmacological effects. Peptide is better than amino acid, one is faster than amino acid absorption; Second, it is absorbed by the body in a complete form; Third, active absorption (amino acids are passive absorption); Fourth, low consumption, compared with amino acids, peptide absorption has the characteristics of low consumption or no energy consumption, peptide absorption through the duodenum, directly into the blood circulation, their own energy nutrition transported to various parts of the human body; Fifth, peptide absorption is less than amino acid, with the characteristics of unsaturated; Sixth, there are only 20 kinds of amino acids, with countable functions, while peptides take amino acids as substrates, which can be synthesized into hundreds of thousands of kinds.

It is mainly divided into medical polypeptide drugs, peptide antibiotics, vaccines, antimicrobial peptides for agricultural use, small peptides for feed, cosmetics for daily use, soybean polypeptides for food, corn polypeptides, yeast polypeptides and sea cucumber peptides.
From the functional point of view, can be divided into antihypertensive peptide, antioxidant peptide, cholesterol lowering peptide, opioid active peptide, high F value oligopeptide, food strong taste peptide and so on.
Active peptide, and nutrition, hormone, enzyme inhibition, regulation of immunity, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant has a very close relationship. Polypeptides are generally divided into: polypeptide drugs and polypeptide health products. Traditional peptide drugs are mainly peptide hormones. The development of peptide drugs has been developed into various fields of disease prevention and treatment, especially in the following fields. [2]
Antitumor polypeptide
Tumorigenesis is the result of many factors, but ultimately all involve the regulation of oncogene expression. In 2013, many tumor-related genes and regulatory factors have been discovered. Screening peptides specifically bound to these genes and regulatory factors has become a new hot spot in the search for anticancer drugs. For example, somatostatin has been used to treat endocrine tumors of the digestive system; American scholars found a hexapeptide can significantly inhibit adenocarcinoma in vivo; Swiss scientists have discovered an octapeptide that induces apoptosis in tumor cells. [2]
Antiviral polypeptide
By binding to specific receptors on host cells, viruses adsorb cells and rely on their own specific proteases for protein processing and nucleic acid replication. Therefore, peptides binding to host cell receptors or active sites such as viral proteases can be selected from the peptide library for antiviral therapy. In 2013, many small peptides with antiviral properties have been screened from peptide banks in Canada, Italy and other countries, and some small peptides have entered the stage of clinical trials. In June 2004, the Chinese Academy of Sciences institute of Microbiology came out of the news, which was undertaken by the Chinese Academy of Sciences known

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