First, the main difference between the two diseases lies in their impact on the young parts of the plant. This results in smaller, deformed leaves, brown discoloration, stunted growth, and in severe cases, leaf drop, flower fall, and fruit loss. In the early stages of a viral infection, the green veins in the center of the leaves begin to fade, gradually leading to leaf shrinkage. As the disease progresses, the affected leaves become thickened, and their edges curl forward, forming a cup-like shape. On the other hand, yellow tea leaf damage causes overall chlorosis (yellowing) of the entire leaf, with the edges curling backward. When the virus affects the fruit, dark green and light green spots appear, along with warty ridges. If the tea root is infected, the pedicel and stalk turn gray or brown, lose their shine, and become cork-like and hardened. The virus can cause brown or black necrosis on the main veins of the leaves, which then spreads to lateral branches, main stems, and growing points. For the ocheriferous leaf disease, any part of the underside of the leaf may show a grayish-brown or brownish color with an oily sheen.
Second, for the prevention and control of viral diseases, several strategies can be applied. First, choose resistant varieties such as Zhongjiao No. 2, Jinjiao No. 3, Shenjiao No. 1 and No. 2, and sweet pepper No. 1. Second, seed disinfection is essential—soak seeds in a 10% sodium phosphate solution for 20 minutes, then rinse thoroughly and germinate. Third, proper cultivation management plays a key role. Using plastic film covering helps promote early establishment and faster growth. Fourth, chemical control methods are effective. Apply 20% virus A wettable powder diluted at 500 times, 50% bacterial clear at 200 times, or 200 grams of bacterial poison per liter of water. Spray every 10 days during the seedling stage or after planting, repeating the treatment 3–4 times. For tea-yellow glutinous rice, it's important to remove weeds around the field and clear debris to eliminate overwintering sites and reduce pest populations. Once the disease is detected, immediate chemical control is necessary. Use solutions like 15% fluorenone EC at 300 times dilution, 34% locust ricin EC at 2000–2500 times, 48% LST at 1000 times, 1.8% Ji Insect moth, 1.8% avermectin (such as Zizao or Xinke) at 3000 times, 15% Qiaoling EC at 1500 times, 73% Ketel EC at 2000 times, 15% broom NET at 2000 times, and 35% killing special emulsion oil at 1000 times. When spraying, focus on the upper, tender parts of the plant. For organic vegetable production, dicofol should not be used to control aphids due to its environmental impact.
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