III. Pretreatment of Fermentation Raw Materials The drafts of agricultural crops have a layer of wax on the surface and must be processed by stacking to destroy the wax in order to make the water penetrate into the interior of the draft stalk, so that the cellulose can be softened and decomposed to facilitate the utilization of methane bacteria. Through stacking, the contact surface between fermentation raw materials and biogas bacteria can also be increased, and biogas bacteria can be promoted in large numbers, which is conducive to accelerating gas production and increasing gas production. The next pool draft should be 2-4 inches long. There are two methods for stacking into the digester after stacking: 1. Stacking outside the pond. First spread the short draft stalk on the ground, step on foot tightly, and the thickness of each floor is 1-2 yards. Then lime water and human or animal manure or biogas manure water are evenly sprinkled on the draft stalk. For every 50 kilograms of straw, 1 kilogram of lime (for 5-10 kilograms of water for lime), 5 kilograms of human or animal manure or biogas manure, and appropriate replenishment of some sewage until the draft stalk moisture rises, follow the above The method is heightened layer by layer, and the width and height of each stockpile is about 6 ft. After it is piled up, it is closed with thin mud, cow dung, or covered with plastic film. It will be piled in summer for 5-6 days. It will be possible to dump the pond in winter for about 10 days. During the stacking process, it is best to turn the stack one at a time. If the stack is dry, some of the manure water and sewage will be thrown again to make all the drafts evenly decomposed. Stacking time should not be too long. When the surface of the draft stalk disappears, the color becomes dark, and the hand feels soft, the lower pool can be carried. 2. Stack in the pool. First spread the short draft stalk on the ground, and then sprinkle lime water and manure dung or biogas manure on the draft stalk evenly. Add lime. The amount of manure water is the same as the stacking outside the pond. At the same time, we must properly add some sewage, mix and splash while mixing. The amount of water splashed by hand to see the water but it is not appropriate to water. Then join the digester from the movable cover. Each time one cube is added, it must be compacted once. After the materials are fully loaded, the movable cover is not sealed for the time being, allowing it to ferment in the pool. Stacking 4-5 days in the summer, and about 7 days in the winter, the draft stalks begin to emit heat, and the temperature reaches 40 degrees-60 degrees. At this time, water can be added. Water should be added slowly from the discharge port. It is best to add sewage or manure water to the digester. The amount of water added is equal to the total amount of the fermentation broth minus the weight of the various raw materials and the amount of diluted water. After enough water is added, the movable cover can be sealed and the switch on the gas pipe can be closed for use in gas production. IV. Feeding 1. Feeding amount. The amount of water to be used in rural households should be 80% of the volume of the tank, and the maximum amount of feed should be 90% of the volume of the tank. The input of 6.8.10 cubic meters of digesters is 4.8-5.4, 6.4-7.2, 8-9 cubic meters respectively. The first charge, the raw material to be added, and a little pressure. If the raw material is temporarily short, and the sequential feeding fails to reach the required feeding amount, the minimum feeding volume shall exceed 15 cm on the lower side of the feeding outlet pipe to close the fermentation room. The best feeding time is selected for sunny days to facilitate fermentation. 2. Feed concentration in different seasons. The concentration of biogas fermentation broth should change with the season. Summer high temperature, fermentation liquid concentration can be controlled at 5-6%, winter temperature is low, should be more appropriate raw materials for fermentation, feed concentration of 8-10% is appropriate. Household finder pool summer. In winter two seasons, the proportion of feed in turn see side two: 3. There must be sufficient inoculum (ie bacteria species). This is an important measure to make biogas premature and productive. When the new biogas digester is fed for the first time, an inoculum of 15-30% of the total weight of the fermentation broth should be added. 6.8.10 cubic meters of biogas digesters should be added to the inoculum 19-38 pick 20-52 pick 34-68 pick (each pick to 40 kg converted, the same below). Slaughterhouse. Bean curd workshop. Sludge of the winery. Gutter mud. Pond mud. Old pit excrement residue. Biogas manure water, are good inoculants. When the scavenger pool is refueled, it should not be cleaned, and 10% of the bottom weight of the fermentation broth must be left as a strain to accelerate the decomposition of the new material, so that the material can be loaded and delivered prematurely. The 6.8.10 cubic meters of digester should be left with 13 picks, 18 picks and 23 picks. Scientifically feeding materials and ingredients is a very important part of improving the correct production. The Chengdu Biogas Research Institute of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries conducted experiments on the potential of two 8-m3 hydraulic digesters. Observing the results of one year, the No. 1 biogas digester produces 548.63 cubic meters of biogas annually, and the No. 2 digester produces 547.46 cubic meters of biogas annually. Both are significantly higher than the current gas production levels of most biogas digesters. At the same time, the daily gas production in spring, summer, autumn and winter is relatively balanced. The main fermentation processes of these two biogas digesters are: (1) using pig manure and manure stalks as raw materials for fermentation. Each biogas digester has a total of 612.48 kilograms of wheat straw and 8742.36 kilograms of pig manure (approximately three heads and 100 kilos weight). The pig excretes feces and urine throughout the year). (2) The ratio of manure that was fed for the first time was 3.67:1. Each biogas digester put 1337.6 kg of pig manure, 364.8 kg of straw, 512 kg of activated sludge (30% of the total amount of manure) and added fresh water. 4185.6 kg. The dry matter concentration of the fermentation material liquid is 10%. The feeding amount of the two ponds is 6.4 cubic meters, accounting for 80% of the pond volume. The rice straw in the lower pool is crushed into 2-3 inches, mixed with the manure and sludge, and put into the pond for 3-4 days, and then the quantitative water is added. After the water is added, seal the movable cover. (3) After the first feeding, the new material will continue to be added only according to the changes of the season. Some of the old material will be taken out without large refueling. The whole year is divided into three phases: the first phase, every October 30 to February 27, a total of 121 days, referred to as the first four months before the spring. The lowest temperature during this period is unfavorable to the fermentation of biogas. The solution is to “supply the temperature with materialsâ€. After 30 days of feeding, add fresh raw materials every 5-7 days. Add a total of 5,684 kilograms of swine manure and add 10 pounds of straw powder. Total 176 kilograms. Each time the first discharge, after the feed, the same volume of feed and discharge. The second phase, from February 28 to June 26 this year, totaled 119 days, referred to as the four months after the spring. During this time, the temperature gradually increased and fresh raw materials were not added, but the gas production remained high. The third stage, June 27 to October 29 this year, a total of 125 days, referred to as summer and autumn four months. At this stage, a total of 8 pig manures were added to each biogas digester, totaling 1,720.76 kilograms, and crushed wheatgrass flour was added 8 times, for a total of 71.68 kilograms. (4) Add ammonium bicarbonate or urea to adjust the ratio of carbon to nitrogen. Biogas digesters with manure stalk as the main raw material for fermentation can be added with an appropriate amount of ammonium bicarbonate or urea to adjust the ratio of carbon to nitrogen and increase the rate of gas production. The amount of ammonium bicarbonate added is from 2 to 5/1000 of the total amount of fermentation liquor in the tank; the amount of added urea is 3/10000 of the fermentation liquor in the tank. The amount of ammonium bicarbonate or urea added to the 6,8,10 m3 biogas digesters in the rural area is shown in the table. The method for adding ammonium bicarbonate is to dissolve the ammonium carbonate in the prescribed ratio in water (preferably biogas manure), and then The stalks that have been processed by stacking are added with a solution of ammonium bicarbonate, and the movable lids are closed immediately after the addition. If the culms are stacked in the tank, dissolve the dissolved ammonium bicarbonate solution into the tank before capping. Method for adding urea: Put the urea in the specified proportion into the plastic bag, tie the bag mouth, and pierce the bag with 10-20 small holes
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