I. Variety characteristics "Newly-born bitter gourd" is a hybrid mid-maturing variety produced by the company's Apion Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. In Guangzhou, it has a variety of plants, strong growth potential and strong branching ability. Leaf palm-shaped, green, main vine first female flower pitch begins in the 15-20th section of the female flower, commodity melon cylindrical shape, fruit length 30-33cm or so, horizontal diameter 6.5-8cm, melon flesh thickness 1.4cm, single The melon weighs about 600g. The melon skin is bright green, shiny, and the tumor strips are thick and straight. The meat is dense and compact. The taste is crisp and bitter, the quality is good, and it is resistant to storage and transportation. At the same time, the variety has good heat resistance and can resist high temperatures of 35-38oC. Resistance to powdery mildew, beautiful appearance, special merchandise.
Second, germination method Bitter melon seed coat hard, thick shell species, the surface of waxy, slow and difficult to germinate. So soaking seeds in the sun before the best drying species 1-3 hours later, with a light rubbing sand Waxy, after soaking in warm water at about 30 degrees for 8-12 hours, wash and clean the skin, wipe the skin moisture, wrap it in a clean gauze, put it in a temperature of 25-30 degrees Celsius, and wash it with warm water every morning and evening. Once it has been dried, wrap it and continue to germinate until most of the seeds are white. Then use 800 times the 50% carbendazim WP liquid and plant the seed tip down into the seedling bag (cup). In the soil, 0.5 cm of seed is preferred from the ground.
Third, cultivation techniques
1. The “emerging bitter gourd†medium-maturing varieties are sown in the land from August to August. They are prepared two months before sowing. Nutrient soil formula: about 70% of garden soil, 25% of composted manure, 5% of composted manure and urine, 0.2% of multiple compound fertilizer, well-proportioned and well-mixed materials, concentrated and stacked, and covered with agricultural film seal. In order to prevent the loss of nutrients and ensure sufficient fermentation, mix and paste proper amount of carbendazim and Lebenspen solution two weeks before use. Sterilize and cover agricultural film for 1 week, and then put it in a nutrient bowl with a diameter of 5cm and a height of 8cm. For each 667m2, about 30kg of nutrient soil is required.
2. Selection of sites, soil preparation, and basal fertilization: 1 Select the site to choose the deep soil, sandy loam is best, followed by clay, sandy soil is the worst. 2 The basal fertilizer for soil preparation, emerging bitter gourd grows vigorously, takes a long period, and requires a large amount of fertilizer. Adequate organic manure as the base fertilizer is the key to strive for high yields. Each 667m2 needs to be used to compile 1500-200kg of man-made excrement, 30-35kg of dried manure, 100kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers; or 20% of N, P, and K content of vegetable organic-inorganic fertilizers. 150kg, plus potassium sulfate 10kg, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 100kg; Shiji fertilizer combined with soil preparation for planting, wolfberry for a width of 1-1.5 meters, 25-50 cm high sorghum sorghum, arch shed and shed cultivation of 3-5 meters. Basal fertilizer is applied 1-2 weeks before planting, and the planting line is determined according to the row spacing at the time of planting. The base fertilizer is applied on the two sides of the planting line at a distance of 20 cm to open two shallow furrows. Then the earthen walls on both sides of the car are used as sorghum. To be planted.
3, cultivating and weeding soil The bitter gourd begins from the seedling stage, that is, cultivating, weeding and earthing should be carried out in time to prevent kiwifruit soil from being hardened. Generally, after the planting and irrigating, the first cultivating is carried out when the topsoil is slightly dry and not sticky. If there is a windy day or the soil is too dry, the water can be re-irrigated once and then cultivated. The second cultivator can be carried out 10-15 days after the first cultivator. The cultivator should pay attention to the protection of new roots and should not be too deep. Each cultivator can be combined with a number of high-quality farmyard fertilizers: such as cake fats, all kinds of bird hair, and decomposed chicken manure and pig manure. After the scaffolding, when the melon vines grow to more than 50 cm, the roots are basically covered with the entire line, and it is generally not appropriate to plough the vines. However, we must pay attention to the timely removal of weeds to prevent the growth of weeds, in order to improve ventilation and light conditions in the field and reduce pest damage. In the first cultivator, if a seedling or a weak seedling is found, it must be planted in time to preserve the seedlings.
4. Stretching and pruning When the bitter gourd seedling grows to about 20 centimeters, it needs to be framed and introduced. There are two types of scaffolding: flat scaffolding and herringbone. The flat scaffolds are well ventilated and airy, produce many fruits and produce high yields. The flat scaffolding is divided into flat scaffolding and subdivision flat scaffolding. Lianping scaffolding is generally carried out in rows of melons. Every 3-4 meters, a wooden stake is erected. Above the small bamboo, small sticks or nylon nets are used to connect the stakes of the whole field into one piece. The roof of the shed is about 2 meters away from the ground. About meters; divided flat scaffolding is generally a shed for every two rows of melons, shed height of 1.5-2 meters. Subdivision flat trellis plants are well-surfaced, well-ventilated and air-permeable, easy to manage, and better than connected flat sheds. No matter whether it is a flat scaffolding or a flat scaffolding, or a sheer rack, the scaffolding must be firm, so as to prevent the wind from collapsing and damaging melon seedlings and affecting the yield.
5. The bitter gourd has strong branching ability. Both the main vine and the side vines can produce melons. Under normal circumstances, no pruning is required. However, bitter gourd in winter and spring, due to strong growth, side vines more than 50 cm from the ground side of the vines and dense and old branches and leaves should be removed in time, in order to facilitate ventilation and light, improve light energy utilization. In the mid-growth stage, if the melon vines are too mad, they must be topped in time to suppress their growth and promote melon growth. The introduction of bitter gourd, before the melon seedlings are not put on the shed, they should be tied every 2-3 days. The method of cultivating the mandible is generally to lead the vine along the bamboo straight, lateral vines to the transverse direction of the bracket around the lead, cranium time to sunny in the afternoon is appropriate, so as not to break.
6, topdressing and irrigation bitter gourd fruiting more rounds, long harvest time, a large amount of water and fertilizer consumption. Therefore, adding fertilizer and water management is an important guarantee for winning high yields. In addition to the basal fertilization, the top dressing is generally applied when vines, flowers, and fruits are plucked, and the top dressing may be less at the seedling stage. The first time dressing is about 7 days after planting, 10% concentration of human fecal urine or 0.5% compound fertilizer water can be applied. After every 5-7 days, the concentration is gradually increased until the flowering result is reached. At this time, the concentration of human excrement can increase to about 30%. During the flowering period, it is necessary to chase after 2-3 times of heavy fertilizer to prolong its harvest period. Generally, in the early flowering period, Mu uses 25-30kg of cake fertilizer, 15-20kg of compound fertilizer, and 10kg of urea, and applies topdressing once in combination with cultivating soil. After the first harvest, 20-25kg of cake fertilizer and 20kg of compound fertilizer are applied again. For each harvest 1-2 times, 30%-40% of human excrement or 10-15kg of compound fertilizer will be applied. Topdressing depends on the weather and the condition of the leaf color. It can be flexibly controlled and increased or decreased as appropriate.
IV. Pest control: The main diseases are downy mildew, wilt, and leaf spot. The 1500 times liquid spray can be used to control downy mildew; spraying Fulu 42% suspension 400-600 times spray to control blight. And leaf spot and so on. Insect pests mainly control fruit flies, thrips, aphids, and cockroaches. They can use Ruidan 3.5% EC 1000-1500 sprays to control fruit flies; use a 20-speed extinguishment to kill 600-800 sprays to control aphids and cockroaches. Ma and Yu and so on. Bitter melons are more difficult to control insect pests are melon flies, melons, melons.
1, fruiting fruit fly: commonly known as "acupuncture bees", adults lay eggs in fruits and melons, larvae feeding in melon flesh, causing melon rot, and even fruit drop, seriously affect the quality and yield of melon. At present, it is the peak period for the occurrence of "acupuncture bees". It adopts a multi-pronged comprehensive management method of idyllic cleansing, trapping and killing adults, insecticides, and bagging and guaranty. For insecticide use, "Kung Fu" is recommended. A packet (5 milliliters) of "Kung Fu" sold in the market can be exchanged for a bucket of water (15 liters). Spraying was conducted before 10-11 am of the morning of the adult activity or at 4-6 pm in the afternoon. In the mating period of adult mating, the effect was better. One of the methods of trapping and killing is to use a yellow plate and paint yellow cardboard or plastic sheet with vaseline in a garden, with about 20 pieces per acre, which has a better trapping effect on adults. Vigorously promote the new technology of bagging and guaranty, which can reduce the damage of various pests, but also improve the quality and value of fruits.
2, Gualou: Guava adult, nymphs clustered in the back, tender stems and tender shoots sucking juice. The insects will cause damage to the shoots, the leaves will curl up, the growing point will die, the leaves will shrink, yellow and fall off in advance, and they will also cause soot and spread virus disease. Chemical Control Recommendations Efficient, broad-spectrum, safe, long-lasting 25% Aktai water dispersible granules with a duration of up to 21 days, 5000-10000 times more effective, can effectively control quails, and can be used to treat both thrips and Littoralia. And other pests.
3, Gualou: larvae feeding on the leaves, resulting in perforation or lack of carved leaves, often into the melon, affecting the yield and quality. Chemical control uses 50% Coulomb 1000 times or 2.5% kung fu 1500 times spray and spray once every 7-10 days.
V. Harvesting: When the fruit is full of strips and the skin is shiny, it can be harvested. The first batch of melons must be harvested in time. Generally, they are collected about 30 days after planting to facilitate the growth of melons and vines; Every 3-4 days can be harvested once, can be harvested continuously 3-5 months.
The above cultivation information is for reference only. Farmers in various places should select appropriate cultivation techniques according to the actual local conditions.
2. In the usual form and method of ingestion.
3. Marked with a label biological adjustment functions.
Second, germination method Bitter melon seed coat hard, thick shell species, the surface of waxy, slow and difficult to germinate. So soaking seeds in the sun before the best drying species 1-3 hours later, with a light rubbing sand Waxy, after soaking in warm water at about 30 degrees for 8-12 hours, wash and clean the skin, wipe the skin moisture, wrap it in a clean gauze, put it in a temperature of 25-30 degrees Celsius, and wash it with warm water every morning and evening. Once it has been dried, wrap it and continue to germinate until most of the seeds are white. Then use 800 times the 50% carbendazim WP liquid and plant the seed tip down into the seedling bag (cup). In the soil, 0.5 cm of seed is preferred from the ground.
Third, cultivation techniques
1. The “emerging bitter gourd†medium-maturing varieties are sown in the land from August to August. They are prepared two months before sowing. Nutrient soil formula: about 70% of garden soil, 25% of composted manure, 5% of composted manure and urine, 0.2% of multiple compound fertilizer, well-proportioned and well-mixed materials, concentrated and stacked, and covered with agricultural film seal. In order to prevent the loss of nutrients and ensure sufficient fermentation, mix and paste proper amount of carbendazim and Lebenspen solution two weeks before use. Sterilize and cover agricultural film for 1 week, and then put it in a nutrient bowl with a diameter of 5cm and a height of 8cm. For each 667m2, about 30kg of nutrient soil is required.
2. Selection of sites, soil preparation, and basal fertilization: 1 Select the site to choose the deep soil, sandy loam is best, followed by clay, sandy soil is the worst. 2 The basal fertilizer for soil preparation, emerging bitter gourd grows vigorously, takes a long period, and requires a large amount of fertilizer. Adequate organic manure as the base fertilizer is the key to strive for high yields. Each 667m2 needs to be used to compile 1500-200kg of man-made excrement, 30-35kg of dried manure, 100kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers; or 20% of N, P, and K content of vegetable organic-inorganic fertilizers. 150kg, plus potassium sulfate 10kg, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 100kg; Shiji fertilizer combined with soil preparation for planting, wolfberry for a width of 1-1.5 meters, 25-50 cm high sorghum sorghum, arch shed and shed cultivation of 3-5 meters. Basal fertilizer is applied 1-2 weeks before planting, and the planting line is determined according to the row spacing at the time of planting. The base fertilizer is applied on the two sides of the planting line at a distance of 20 cm to open two shallow furrows. Then the earthen walls on both sides of the car are used as sorghum. To be planted.
3, cultivating and weeding soil The bitter gourd begins from the seedling stage, that is, cultivating, weeding and earthing should be carried out in time to prevent kiwifruit soil from being hardened. Generally, after the planting and irrigating, the first cultivating is carried out when the topsoil is slightly dry and not sticky. If there is a windy day or the soil is too dry, the water can be re-irrigated once and then cultivated. The second cultivator can be carried out 10-15 days after the first cultivator. The cultivator should pay attention to the protection of new roots and should not be too deep. Each cultivator can be combined with a number of high-quality farmyard fertilizers: such as cake fats, all kinds of bird hair, and decomposed chicken manure and pig manure. After the scaffolding, when the melon vines grow to more than 50 cm, the roots are basically covered with the entire line, and it is generally not appropriate to plough the vines. However, we must pay attention to the timely removal of weeds to prevent the growth of weeds, in order to improve ventilation and light conditions in the field and reduce pest damage. In the first cultivator, if a seedling or a weak seedling is found, it must be planted in time to preserve the seedlings.
4. Stretching and pruning When the bitter gourd seedling grows to about 20 centimeters, it needs to be framed and introduced. There are two types of scaffolding: flat scaffolding and herringbone. The flat scaffolds are well ventilated and airy, produce many fruits and produce high yields. The flat scaffolding is divided into flat scaffolding and subdivision flat scaffolding. Lianping scaffolding is generally carried out in rows of melons. Every 3-4 meters, a wooden stake is erected. Above the small bamboo, small sticks or nylon nets are used to connect the stakes of the whole field into one piece. The roof of the shed is about 2 meters away from the ground. About meters; divided flat scaffolding is generally a shed for every two rows of melons, shed height of 1.5-2 meters. Subdivision flat trellis plants are well-surfaced, well-ventilated and air-permeable, easy to manage, and better than connected flat sheds. No matter whether it is a flat scaffolding or a flat scaffolding, or a sheer rack, the scaffolding must be firm, so as to prevent the wind from collapsing and damaging melon seedlings and affecting the yield.
5. The bitter gourd has strong branching ability. Both the main vine and the side vines can produce melons. Under normal circumstances, no pruning is required. However, bitter gourd in winter and spring, due to strong growth, side vines more than 50 cm from the ground side of the vines and dense and old branches and leaves should be removed in time, in order to facilitate ventilation and light, improve light energy utilization. In the mid-growth stage, if the melon vines are too mad, they must be topped in time to suppress their growth and promote melon growth. The introduction of bitter gourd, before the melon seedlings are not put on the shed, they should be tied every 2-3 days. The method of cultivating the mandible is generally to lead the vine along the bamboo straight, lateral vines to the transverse direction of the bracket around the lead, cranium time to sunny in the afternoon is appropriate, so as not to break.
6, topdressing and irrigation bitter gourd fruiting more rounds, long harvest time, a large amount of water and fertilizer consumption. Therefore, adding fertilizer and water management is an important guarantee for winning high yields. In addition to the basal fertilization, the top dressing is generally applied when vines, flowers, and fruits are plucked, and the top dressing may be less at the seedling stage. The first time dressing is about 7 days after planting, 10% concentration of human fecal urine or 0.5% compound fertilizer water can be applied. After every 5-7 days, the concentration is gradually increased until the flowering result is reached. At this time, the concentration of human excrement can increase to about 30%. During the flowering period, it is necessary to chase after 2-3 times of heavy fertilizer to prolong its harvest period. Generally, in the early flowering period, Mu uses 25-30kg of cake fertilizer, 15-20kg of compound fertilizer, and 10kg of urea, and applies topdressing once in combination with cultivating soil. After the first harvest, 20-25kg of cake fertilizer and 20kg of compound fertilizer are applied again. For each harvest 1-2 times, 30%-40% of human excrement or 10-15kg of compound fertilizer will be applied. Topdressing depends on the weather and the condition of the leaf color. It can be flexibly controlled and increased or decreased as appropriate.
IV. Pest control: The main diseases are downy mildew, wilt, and leaf spot. The 1500 times liquid spray can be used to control downy mildew; spraying Fulu 42% suspension 400-600 times spray to control blight. And leaf spot and so on. Insect pests mainly control fruit flies, thrips, aphids, and cockroaches. They can use Ruidan 3.5% EC 1000-1500 sprays to control fruit flies; use a 20-speed extinguishment to kill 600-800 sprays to control aphids and cockroaches. Ma and Yu and so on. Bitter melons are more difficult to control insect pests are melon flies, melons, melons.
1, fruiting fruit fly: commonly known as "acupuncture bees", adults lay eggs in fruits and melons, larvae feeding in melon flesh, causing melon rot, and even fruit drop, seriously affect the quality and yield of melon. At present, it is the peak period for the occurrence of "acupuncture bees". It adopts a multi-pronged comprehensive management method of idyllic cleansing, trapping and killing adults, insecticides, and bagging and guaranty. For insecticide use, "Kung Fu" is recommended. A packet (5 milliliters) of "Kung Fu" sold in the market can be exchanged for a bucket of water (15 liters). Spraying was conducted before 10-11 am of the morning of the adult activity or at 4-6 pm in the afternoon. In the mating period of adult mating, the effect was better. One of the methods of trapping and killing is to use a yellow plate and paint yellow cardboard or plastic sheet with vaseline in a garden, with about 20 pieces per acre, which has a better trapping effect on adults. Vigorously promote the new technology of bagging and guaranty, which can reduce the damage of various pests, but also improve the quality and value of fruits.
2, Gualou: Guava adult, nymphs clustered in the back, tender stems and tender shoots sucking juice. The insects will cause damage to the shoots, the leaves will curl up, the growing point will die, the leaves will shrink, yellow and fall off in advance, and they will also cause soot and spread virus disease. Chemical Control Recommendations Efficient, broad-spectrum, safe, long-lasting 25% Aktai water dispersible granules with a duration of up to 21 days, 5000-10000 times more effective, can effectively control quails, and can be used to treat both thrips and Littoralia. And other pests.
3, Gualou: larvae feeding on the leaves, resulting in perforation or lack of carved leaves, often into the melon, affecting the yield and quality. Chemical control uses 50% Coulomb 1000 times or 2.5% kung fu 1500 times spray and spray once every 7-10 days.
V. Harvesting: When the fruit is full of strips and the skin is shiny, it can be harvested. The first batch of melons must be harvested in time. Generally, they are collected about 30 days after planting to facilitate the growth of melons and vines; Every 3-4 days can be harvested once, can be harvested continuously 3-5 months.
The above cultivation information is for reference only. Farmers in various places should select appropriate cultivation techniques according to the actual local conditions.
We supply specialties, which is food indicated to have specific health functions. That is suitable for specific food groups, can regulate body functions, not to treat the disease for the purpose of food.
2. In the usual form and method of ingestion.
3. Marked with a label biological adjustment functions.
Nutritional Supplements,Nutritional Products,Regional Specialties,Nutritional Specialties
SINOCHEM PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD , http://www.sinochemnutrition.com