First, the principle of fertilization
1, increase the application of organic fertilizer, fertility, combined use. Multi-channel expansion of fertilizer sources, through the increase of farmyard manure, straw returned to the field, cultivation of green manure and deep loose and other measures to strengthen the cultivation of farmland, improve soil structure and fertilizer supply capacity, increase fertilizer utilization and gradually reduce the amount of fertilizer. Combined with site preparation, 20-30 tons of organic fertilizer is applied per hectare.
2. According to the characteristics of corn requirement fertilizer, promote soil testing and formula fertilization technology. According to different soil fertility and yield targets, the application rates of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer are determined, and fertilizers, especially organic fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers, are fully utilized by increasing agricultural fertilizer application, organic fertilizer application and chemical fertilizer application, and nitrogen fertilizer application. Efficacy, improve fertilizer utilization, while avoiding blind fertilization and excessive fertilization cause physiological drought. In areas where the soil activity P is greater than 30 mg/kg, half P and K fertilizer inputs may be halved as appropriate.
3, improve the structure of fertilizer varieties, improve fertilizer quality. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are applied in combination with organic and inorganic elements, and trace elements are combined; low-concentration volatile ammonium carbonate is gradually eliminated, long-term ammonium bicarbonate and composite special fertilizers are promoted, and new long-term varieties such as coated and controlled-release fertilizers are accelerated; Improve fertilizer use efficiency. Different requirements for nutrient ratio and quantity in different periods of corn are different, so it is necessary to pay attention to the use of single fertilizer.
4, to strengthen the implementation of comprehensive measures for the efficient use of fertilizers. The deep application of chemical fertilizers is used to achieve seed and fertilizer isolation, avoiding the burning of seeds and young roots and affecting emergence. Membrane coverage, early strengthening of cultivator and other measures to increase soil temperature, and take deep pine and other agronomic measures, fully release and use of soil phosphorus and other resources to promote the absorption of phosphorus. Agricultural machinery combined with agronomy, promotion of water-saving irrigation and its accompanying fertilization techniques to ensure that the fertilization rates, fertilization sites and fertilization methods specified in agronomic techniques can be implemented with high quality.
Second, fertilization technology
Reasonable fertilization techniques include determining the amount and ratio of fertilization based on the soil type, soil fertility, and crop manure requirements, as well as tiering fertilization, sub-fertilization, and deep fertilization. The method of combining base fertilizer, seed fertilizer and top dressing is adopted to achieve deep loose fertilizer, segregation of seed fertilizer and split fertilization. Under severe drought conditions this year, fertilization techniques should be combined with drought-resistance measures.
1. Base fertilizer: The base fertilizer should be applied when the soil is ridged or the seeder with layered fertilizer function should be applied deeply at the time of sowing. The depth of fertilization should be more than 8-10 cm below the seed. 20% of nitrogen fertilizer, 80% of phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, organic fertilizer, long-acting ammonium bicarbonate and other fertilizers can all be used as base fertilizer. Increase organic fertilizer or farmyard fertilizer to make up for the shortage of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.
2. Seed Fertilizer: The seed fertilizer is applied at the time of sowing. The depth of fertilization should be 3-5 cm below the seed, 5% of nitrogen fertilizer, and 20% of phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer as seed fertilizer application.
3. Top-dressing: The quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer should be applied at the big bell-mouth stage. The depth of fertilization should reach 8-10 cm and be covered with soil. The amount of fertilizer applied is about 75% of the total amount of available nitrogen fertilizer.
4, foliar fertilizer: According to the growth and development status of plants, timely spraying foliar fertilizer. If the amount of fertilizer used in seed fertilizer is small, potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed in the later stage, and 300 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be added to 100 kg of water to fully dissolve and spray. It can also play a role in drought resistance. Zinc-deficient blocks can be sprayed with 0.1-0.2% zinc sulfate plus a small amount of lime solution.
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