In the past two years, the issue of premature fruit drop in artificially cultivated gardenia has become increasingly common. In 2006, the fruit collection rate in major producing areas ranged from 20% to 40%, with some regions reporting over 50% loss, which significantly impacted both yield and economic returns. The main causes of this problem include nutrient deficiencies, an imbalance between vegetative and reproductive growth, insufficient nutrients during flower bud formation, and incomplete pollination. To address these issues, several key strategies must be implemented in cultivation practices.
Scientific fertilization is essential for healthy plant development. During the early growth stage of gardenia, nitrogen-rich fertilizers should be applied to promote vigorous vegetative growth and enhance photosynthesis, helping the plant accumulate more organic matter. As the plant enters its reproductive phase, it's important to reduce chlorine fertilizer and increase phosphorus and potassium to encourage flowering and fruiting. For example, after spring sprouting, apply 3-4 kg of urea per acre to support growth. After flowering, use 4-5 kg of ammonium bicarbonate to aid in fruit set. Following autumn harvest, apply 6 kg of urea along with 100 kg of manure water, digging a hole near the plant for better absorption. After winter harvesting, reapply a mix of compost, superphosphate, and cake fertilizer—300 kg total—around the base of the plant to help it survive the winter and recover strength.
In addition to fertilization, spraying auxins can greatly improve fruit retention. At the flowering stage, spray 0.15% borax or a solution containing 500-600 ppm gibberellin (GA), 800-1000 ppm 2,4-D combined with 0.3% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. This mixture should be sprayed every 10-15 days, and may even be applied twice if needed. These treatments stimulate cell division, reduce fruit drop, and increase the fruit set rate.
Pruning also plays a crucial role in maintaining a balanced growth structure. After planting, remove any shoots growing from the lower trunk to form a natural open canopy. In the first year, cut back the main stem to about 20 cm above the ground to establish a fixed height. When summer shoots reach 18-20 cm, select 3-4 strong branches to develop into primary branches. In the second year, choose 3-4 vigorous branches from the main branches to become secondary ones, ensuring they grow in different directions and extend the shoot. Later, allow side branches to grow on the secondary branches. By the third year, the plant will enter its fruiting stage. Proper pruning ensures an open canopy, improves air circulation and light penetration, balances growth and fruiting, reduces nutrient competition, and increases the fruit-bearing area.
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