First, the technical overview: Mountain apricot is Rosaceae, Lieacoaceae is a prunus shrub. With good adaptability, drought resistance, cold resistance, and strict requirements on soil conditions. With the continuous improvement of the value of almonds and almonds in recent years, together with the initiation of national key ecological projects in our city, the cultivation of artificial mountain almond forests has also received universal attention, and the cultivated area has also increased year by year. Through the selection of seedlings and strong seedlings, intensive cultivation management measures are implemented to achieve high yields of yew eugenics.
Second, the technical points:
(I) Cultivating good seedlings
1. Selection of mother trees and seed collection, selection of trees with robust development, normal canopy, large amount of seed, and no pests and diseases as mother trees. Harvested when the seed matures.
2, seedling cultivation. Choose a land plot with flat terrain and fertile soil for irrigation. It turns 20-25 centimeters in depth in the autumn and is flattened after turning. Autumn broadcast can also be broadcast in spring. Spring sowing must be seeded. Before the soil is frozen, the seeds are soaked for two days. After the seeds are sterilized, the seeds are mixed with 3 times the wet sand and mixed well. The pits are 80--100 cm deep and covered with 20-30 cm thick soil. Wait until the beginning of the second year of April, take the seeds out of the pit and place them in the shade, cover them with a plastic sheet, turn them frequently, and wait for 1/3 of the seeds to crack. The sowing rate is about 50 kilograms per acre and the sowing time is mid-to-late April. After sowing in the autumn, the seeds can be sown after being soaked and sterilized. To strengthen management, timely irrigation, cultivating, weeding, and seedlings should be conducted, leaving 30,000 or so per acre.
(b) Afforestation. Select a thick layer of soil, relatively good soil on the sunny slopes of the mountains or afforestation, should be Joe, irrigation mixed forest. Afforestation seedlings should have strong root systems, full sprouts, no disease, pests, and mechanical damage. From raising seedlings, transporting seedlings to planting, paying attention to moisture, no water loss, planting 111-222 plants per acre. The wasteland was afforested in the previous year's rainy season. The method of soil preparation is the same as conventional afforestation. Returning farmland to forested land requires no site preparation and is irrigated after planting. In the first year of afforestation, watering should be carried out according to drought conditions to ensure survival.
(III) High-yield technology
1. Management under the branch of apricot tree. In order to promote the growth of trees and increase the yield, weeds must be used to deepen the mature soil. Deep-turning methods include deep deep turning, deep deepening and deep hole expansion. The saplings can be cultivated in the form of burrows or inter-row cultivators. The sloping soil can be used in hilly slopes with 2-3 times a year. For afforestation of mountain apricots, where the slopes are relatively large, Shave 1-3 times a year. Spring, rain and autumn are all available. The spring shaved tree tray precedes the sprouting of the almond tree; the summer planer tray is after the fruit is harvested; and the autumn planed tree tray is made before freezing.
In the hilly mountainous areas with large slopes, it can be matched with site preparation projects.
Renovation, large fish scale pits and horizontal ditch maintenance, etc., comprehensive control of soil erosion on sloping land.
2. Apricot tree management. Spraying plant growth regulators and micro-fertilizers on the apricot trees can significantly increase fruit set and increase yield. The use of rare earth 1000ppm, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 50ppm, anti-dropping agent 25ppm, boric acid 0.3%, etc., in the apricot flowering period and fruit expansion.
Shi Ji Fei. Usually in the soil before freezing or early spring, each farmer fertilizer 50 kg, mixed with 0.5 kg of urea. Apply enough water after fertilization. After the application of fast-acting fertilizer, diammonium 10 kg per mu, in order to increase the rate of fruit set, promote the growth of young fruit.
3. Flower frost protection. From mid-April to early May, the apricot flowers and young fruit are vulnerable to late frost, resulting in reduced production or no harvest, so anti-frost should be done in advance. Generally, there is a stack of smoke in the mountains. One to two acres can be set up. Materials for smoking can be obtained locally. After being stacked with firewood and straw, the outermost area is covered with mud, leaving a smoke outlet. According to the local weather forecast, the smoke is ignited before the frost falls to form a smoke screen.
4. Update flat. The result of 2-3 years after the planting of Apricot was in the full fruiting stage after 5-6 years, and it entered the aging stage after 15-20 years. At this time, it is necessary to update the land by freezing it in the soil and then using a sharp axe or a quick hammer to cut the upper part of the mountain apricot and then bury it in the mound until the spring begins to sprout again. After the apricot apricot shoots, the new branch sprouts vigorously, and the buds need to be fixed. In general, 2-4 well-growing and well-positioned new shoots are selected for each bundle.
Second, the technical points:
(I) Cultivating good seedlings
1. Selection of mother trees and seed collection, selection of trees with robust development, normal canopy, large amount of seed, and no pests and diseases as mother trees. Harvested when the seed matures.
2, seedling cultivation. Choose a land plot with flat terrain and fertile soil for irrigation. It turns 20-25 centimeters in depth in the autumn and is flattened after turning. Autumn broadcast can also be broadcast in spring. Spring sowing must be seeded. Before the soil is frozen, the seeds are soaked for two days. After the seeds are sterilized, the seeds are mixed with 3 times the wet sand and mixed well. The pits are 80--100 cm deep and covered with 20-30 cm thick soil. Wait until the beginning of the second year of April, take the seeds out of the pit and place them in the shade, cover them with a plastic sheet, turn them frequently, and wait for 1/3 of the seeds to crack. The sowing rate is about 50 kilograms per acre and the sowing time is mid-to-late April. After sowing in the autumn, the seeds can be sown after being soaked and sterilized. To strengthen management, timely irrigation, cultivating, weeding, and seedlings should be conducted, leaving 30,000 or so per acre.
(b) Afforestation. Select a thick layer of soil, relatively good soil on the sunny slopes of the mountains or afforestation, should be Joe, irrigation mixed forest. Afforestation seedlings should have strong root systems, full sprouts, no disease, pests, and mechanical damage. From raising seedlings, transporting seedlings to planting, paying attention to moisture, no water loss, planting 111-222 plants per acre. The wasteland was afforested in the previous year's rainy season. The method of soil preparation is the same as conventional afforestation. Returning farmland to forested land requires no site preparation and is irrigated after planting. In the first year of afforestation, watering should be carried out according to drought conditions to ensure survival.
(III) High-yield technology
1. Management under the branch of apricot tree. In order to promote the growth of trees and increase the yield, weeds must be used to deepen the mature soil. Deep-turning methods include deep deep turning, deep deepening and deep hole expansion. The saplings can be cultivated in the form of burrows or inter-row cultivators. The sloping soil can be used in hilly slopes with 2-3 times a year. For afforestation of mountain apricots, where the slopes are relatively large, Shave 1-3 times a year. Spring, rain and autumn are all available. The spring shaved tree tray precedes the sprouting of the almond tree; the summer planer tray is after the fruit is harvested; and the autumn planed tree tray is made before freezing.
In the hilly mountainous areas with large slopes, it can be matched with site preparation projects.
Renovation, large fish scale pits and horizontal ditch maintenance, etc., comprehensive control of soil erosion on sloping land.
2. Apricot tree management. Spraying plant growth regulators and micro-fertilizers on the apricot trees can significantly increase fruit set and increase yield. The use of rare earth 1000ppm, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 50ppm, anti-dropping agent 25ppm, boric acid 0.3%, etc., in the apricot flowering period and fruit expansion.
Shi Ji Fei. Usually in the soil before freezing or early spring, each farmer fertilizer 50 kg, mixed with 0.5 kg of urea. Apply enough water after fertilization. After the application of fast-acting fertilizer, diammonium 10 kg per mu, in order to increase the rate of fruit set, promote the growth of young fruit.
3. Flower frost protection. From mid-April to early May, the apricot flowers and young fruit are vulnerable to late frost, resulting in reduced production or no harvest, so anti-frost should be done in advance. Generally, there is a stack of smoke in the mountains. One to two acres can be set up. Materials for smoking can be obtained locally. After being stacked with firewood and straw, the outermost area is covered with mud, leaving a smoke outlet. According to the local weather forecast, the smoke is ignited before the frost falls to form a smoke screen.
4. Update flat. The result of 2-3 years after the planting of Apricot was in the full fruiting stage after 5-6 years, and it entered the aging stage after 15-20 years. At this time, it is necessary to update the land by freezing it in the soil and then using a sharp axe or a quick hammer to cut the upper part of the mountain apricot and then bury it in the mound until the spring begins to sprout again. After the apricot apricot shoots, the new branch sprouts vigorously, and the buds need to be fixed. In general, 2-4 well-growing and well-positioned new shoots are selected for each bundle.
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