Type of PCR gene amplification instrument :
The PCR gene amplification instrument is designed according to the principles of DNA denaturation, renaturation and extension, as well as constant temperature, fast conduction and rapid temperature rise and fall, combined with sensing technology, microelectronic technology and electronic computer technology. Automated and intelligent instruments, the principles of several types of PCR instruments are described below only from the perspective of heat preservation and temperature change.
1. Water bath PCR gene amplification instrument The water bath PCR gene amplification instrument generally consists of three different temperature water baths and mechanical arms. The sample tubes are immersed in three water baths to complete denaturation, renaturation and extension. The process, the time the reactor tube stays in each tank and the movement between the tanks is accomplished by the microcomputer and its controlled robotic arm. The instrument has adjustable temperature, high temperature precision, uniform temperature and low price. It is suitable for use in grassroots laboratories, but the mechanical arm is easy to malfunction, the water in the water bath is easy to evaporate (covering mineral oil can prevent evaporation), and the volume is large. In addition, there is a type of water bath type PCR instrument, which has only one fixed sample tank, and the pumping or discharging of different temperatures is controlled by microcomputer to achieve the purpose of temperature control to complete DNA amplification. This type of PCR instrument is less applied.
2. Airflow PCR gene amplification instrument The airflow PCR instrument is mainly composed of a convection thermostat (chassis), a hot gas source, a cold air source, a controller, etc., and the sample tube is placed in a convection oven, and the controller controls the hot air. Guns, heat radiation sources and high-power fans to provide hot and cold air, changing the temperature of the reaction tubes. The cost of the instrument is low, the entire system has no liquid flow, and the safety is high.
3. Metal Modular PCR Gene Amplifier The core of this type of amplification instrument is an aluminum or stainless steel heating block with a number of sample tube holes distributed on it, using resistance heating, compressor cooling, semiconductor modulation temperature or electronic modulation temperature. The machine is small in volume, fast in temperature rise and fall, accurate in sample base temperature, high in uniformity, high in automation, large in amplification program, and large in number of samples, which can be used for ordinary 0.5ml tube, thin-wall tube DNA amplification and In situ DNA amplification. The operation is simple and convenient, and the detection result is stable and reliable, but the price is relatively expensive, and is suitable for use by large comprehensive scientific research institutions or diagnostic and quarantine units. It is a PCR gene amplification instrument that is currently produced and used at home and abroad.
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