Wheat scab, also known as rotten wheat head, withered white ear, is a fungal disease, generally reduced by about 10%, the year of pandemic, can reduce production by 20% -30%. The prevention and treatment of scab must be made clear of its incidence rules, the influencing factors of the disease, the best period of prevention and control, the scientific use of pesticides, and the control of spraying techniques in order to effectively prevent and control wheat scab. Summing up the lessons learned in recent years, we must guard against five misunderstandings in the practice of controlling wheat scab.
Misunderstanding 1: Don't rely solely on old experience
Fusarium head blight is a typical climate-type disease. Its epidemic is closely related to the amount of bacteria, the resistance of wheat varieties, the number of rainfall days and rainfall during heading and flowering, and the relative humidity in the field. When the wheat heading and flowering period meets the rainy weather with a certain amount of precipitation for more than 3 consecutive days, it can cause a pandemic of wheat head blight. For three consecutive days of rainfall, rainfall of 12 mm or more is very favorable for the release and infestation of gibberella ascospores. The disease resistance of wheat varieties, the high density of wheat seedlings, the closure of fields, and the relative humidity of air of more than 80% may also cause a pandemic of wheat head blight. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the pathogenic factors in the prevention and control of wheat scab in order to prevent and cure the disease. Some rural households do not consider the above factors comprehensively. They only rely on their old experience to deal with the problem. They only pay attention to whether the weather is raining, and neglect the two factors that affect the humidity in the field and the disease resistance of the varieties. Although there are no large-scale diseases, they also cause problems. Different degrees of disease occur, affecting the yield and quality of wheat.
Misunderstanding 2: Do not miss the best prevention time
Numerous information provided that the period of application for controlling wheat scab was "heading to flowering." During such a long period of medication, there are significant differences in the effects of medication at different time periods. Some farmers choose to use drugs at the booting stage, or at the end of flowering, and some even see the pink mold layer before they begin to use drugs. It is either too early or too late to grasp the optimal period for prevention and control. Although the medicine has been sprayed, But the effect is not ideal. According to many years of prevention and treatment practice, the best time for controlling wheat scab must be sprayed when the wheat is up to 5%.
Grasping the best period of prevention and treatment should not be too rigid, but also pay attention to the following situations: 1, the heading temperature is high, the wheat side of the heading Yanghua, heading can be sprayed. 2. Low temperature at heading stage and less sunshine. Wheat should be flowered after heading, and spraying should be conducted during the initial flowering period of wheat. 3, heading period encounters continuous rainy weather, head blight may be popular, spray rather sooner rather than later, do not wait until when fine or when the flower spray, should grab the rain gap multiple spray control. 4, if the spray is good, long-acting drug, can be ahead of the heading control.
Misunderstanding 3: Choose pesticides should pay attention to scientific
There are dozens of agents for the control of wheat scab, and they must be scientific when selecting drugs. We must pay attention to the complement of the agents' resistance and mechanism of action. For example, in some places, if carbendazim is used to prevent and control wheat scab in the long term and the effect of the drug on drug resistance is very unsatisfactory, it is necessary to increase the dosage or replace other fungicides. Such as tebuconazole, prochloraz, cyanocastrobin and so on. At the same time pay attention to the correct use of different mechanisms of action of the agents, mixed medication or alternate medication, to ensure that the use of the drug has a multiple effect of internal absorption therapy, protection eradication, to prevent the spread of the disease.
Misunderstanding 4: Spraying should pay attention to water consumption
Some farm households can save time by spraying only one sprayer liquid (15 liters) per acre. If the amount of water is too small, it is difficult to mix and spray the chemicals, which is not conducive to the exertion of pharmaceutical effects. The correct method is to ensure that the amount of mu in the application of the premise, the amount of water should be between 45-60 liters per mu, if you can add the agent when the spread of the agent is better.
Misunderstanding 5: Attention to the number of medications
In the specific prevention and control process, the number of prevention and control passes shall be determined according to factors such as the amount of bacteria source, weather conditions, and the effect of chemical control. Onset of light can spray a drug. For land masses with severe disease in previous years, it is necessary to conduct a second prevention and control. After the first spray, check the effect in time. If the effect is not good, spray the second drug in time. After raining, it should be sprayed promptly after the rain.
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