Some Technical Suggestions for Planting Summer Sunflower Oil
First, choose good breeds. Select high-quality, high-yield, stable production, and strong disease resistance varieties.
Second, fine soil preparation.
Before sowing, plunge 20-25cm deep and evenly level the ground. According to the fertility conditions, apply 3-5 mang fertilizer per mu, 30-50Kg of superphosphate, 20Kg of ammonium bicarbonate and 10-15Kg of potassium sulfate. Or potassium compound fertilizer 40 kg.
Third, sowing date
Summer sowing first consider whether the local climatic conditions can meet the requirement of the 90-day growth period of oil sunflower after sowing. In the light, accumulated temperature less should be sown as early as possible, so as to avoid poor maturity and reduced production and quality. In areas with high light and accumulated temperatures, sowing in summer should be carried out later, so that the flowering period and the grain filling period can escape the hot and humid rainy season to facilitate pollination and avoid diseases. The sowing date is generally the sooner the best sowing date, usually in mid-June, and later in the evening until early July. Single and double grain can be used for on-demand or two seeds per hole, with 0.4-0.5 kilogram per acre sowing volume, and 3-5cm depth of cover soil.
Fourth, sowing method 1 mechanical sowing. The corn and soybean planter can be slightly modified to be used for sowing of oil sunflower. In the case of well-selected seed coats with good land conditions and high germination rates, precision seeds can be planted at the provincial, provincial, and provincial levels. 2 spot broadcast (hole sowing). After the ditching or graveling, the farmyard fertilizer is applied first and then the seeds are seeded. The depth of soil cover is preferably 3-5 cm. If the planting is too shallow, the “top shell unearthed†phenomenon is likely to occur. When the sensation is not good, “bud dry†occurs. When the drought conditions in arid areas are not good, the sowing depth should be 5-8 cm. When the oil sunflower's faceplate matures towards the southeast, the mechanically harvested plots are more convenient for mechanical operation from east to west.
Fifth, reasonable close planting
Planting density should be based on soil strength and planting patterns. The general spacing is 50 centimeters, the spacing is 30-40 centimeters, the number of mulei is about 4000, and the dryness is 4000-4500.
Six, field management
Immediately after emergence, the seedlings will be inspected for seedlings, and the seedlings will be transplanted with soil or germination and replanting. A pair of true leaf time seedlings emerged from the seedlings of the oil sunflower, and two pairs of true leaves were seedlings and the single seedlings were kept seedlings. In summer, the temperature is high, rainfall is high, humidity is high, and weeds breed quickly. It is necessary to combine the cultivator with timely weeding and loose soil. From budding to early flowering, it is necessary to fight in time to ensure nutrient supply to the main stem. In the later period, the old leaves, yellow leaves and susceptible leaves are destroyed, and the conditions for ventilation and light transmission are improved.
VII. Scientific Watering and Fertilization
Oil sunflower is a relatively drought-tolerant crop. There is less water at seedling stage. Bud period is the key period of water demand, if drought and no rain, should be combined with water per acre topdressing 15-20 kilograms of urea, potassium sulfate 12-15 kilograms, in order to ditch deep application of 8-10 cm is appropriate. The flowering period is the critical period of water demand, and it should be reasonably planned according to the weather conditions. The drought should be poured in time and the disaster relief should be eliminated in a timely manner. The specific knowledge should be that when the leaves wilted at noon and still can not return to normal at night, it should be watered in time.
Oil sunflower is a crop that requires more fertilizer and requires more potassium, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. Top dressing is usually applied from 10% to 15kg of urea and 10% of potassium diammonium phosphate to budding and flowering, and spraying 0.2% to 0.4% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 2 to 3 times to increase oil sunflower. Thousand grain weight and seed setting rate.
Eight, control pests
Prevention and control of pests and diseases shall be mainly based on agricultural control and biological control, supplemented by chemical control. Oil sunflower has strong resistance to pests and diseases, but it is susceptible to sclerotinia disease. The disease should adopt a reasonable rotation, avoiding double weighting, selecting resistant varieties, and strengthening field management to mitigate and prevent the spread of diseases. The seedling pests are mainly underground pests, which can be treated by poison bait traps; the main pests in the middle and late stages are oil sunflower aphids and cotton bollworms. Can be prevented with 40% isopropylphosphonate 1000 times or 5% cypermethrin cream.
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